Question

What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components?

Answer 1

Hint: The ‘Circulatory System’ or ‘vascular system’ or ‘transport system’ is the group of organs associated with absorption, transport, and exchange of materials like gases, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, etc. between different organs.

Complete answer:
The circulatory system consists of the following components:
Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

1) Heart: The heart is a muscular organ responsible for the pumping of blood into blood vessels. It is made up of chambers, two Atrium, and two Ventricles.
Functions of the heart are:
It pumps blood impure blood to lungs for oxygenation and pure blood into the body through arteries.
It generates and maintains the heart rate by which heartbeats to facilitate the supply of blood
It releases hormones like Atrial Natriuretic Peptide which helps in maintaining blood pressure.

2) Blood: Blood is a fluid connective tissue responsible for transporting nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to the organs and carbon dioxide and waste products away from the organs for elimination through heart and kidney respectively. It carries antigens for blood grouping. It also regulates body temperature, pH, and osmotic balance.
It consists of :
Plasma: It consists of plasma proteins like albumin, globulin, and certain enzymes. It carries salt, minerals, hormones to one organ from another.
Red Blood Cells (RBC): It is biconcave in shape, devoid of the nucleus, and few organelles. It binds with hemoglobin which in return binds to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases for transportation.
White blood cell (WBC): It is responsible for providing immunity to the body against harmful substances. It consists of:-
Agranulocytes: Monocyte and Lymphocyte.
Granulocyte: Eosinophils, Basophil, Neutrophil.
Platelet: The important functions are:
Vasoconstriction of vessels mediated by vasoconstrictors in broken blood vessels
Formation of a platelet plug to stop bleeding.
Secretion of procoagulant or clotting factors blood clotting.

3) Blood vessels: There are five types of blood vessels:
Artery: It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to different organs.
Arterioles: They are the extension of arteries in organs.
Veins: They carry deoxygenated blood.
Venules: They are the extension of veins in organs.
Capillaries: They are the thinnest vessels. They are present between arterioles and venules for the exchange of material between them.
They also help in the regulation of blood pressure, pulse, and heart rate.

Note: Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs and Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.