Question

Who are stakeholders in respect of forests? Which one of these causes maximum damage to the forest and how?

Answer 1

Hint: When people are interested in a certain aspect of a particular thing mainly the advantages are known as stakeholders. These are those communities or people which depend on the forest resource for their livelihood.

Complete answer:
-The biological benefits of biodiversity—increased productivity, resistance, and resilience—benefit humans too.
-The prosperity, health, and happiness of humans are completely dependent upon, and intertwined with, the preservation of biodiversity and functioning ecosystems.
-Considered collectively, all the direct and indirect benefits that humans derive from organisms and the ecosystems they compose are called ecosystem services:
-Provisioning Services -. These include Food, Fuel, Fiber and other materials, Medicines, Genetic resources.
-Regulating services these are a big part of Earth’s life support system like Climate moderation, Soil formation, Erosion control, ${ O }_{ 2 }$ and ${ CO }_{ 2 }$ regulation, Water capture, Water purification, Air cleaning, Flood control, Storm mitigation, Waste decomposition etc.
-Cultural services are the ones that enrich the quality of life, Aesthetics, Recreation, Education, Spiritual value, Human mental and physical health.
-Supporting services mostly enable all the other ecosystem services like Primary productivity, Nutrient cycling, Pollination, Pest control.
The stakeholders here are the governments that take advantages from the forests, the industries take raw materials from forests, the people who are involved with forests and the people who are directly involved with living near the forest.

Note: -A team of ecologists and economists led by Robert Costanza has estimated the value of ecosystem services at $125 trillion per year—more than twice the gross national product of all nations combined.
-Bioprospecting is known as the use of bacteria, protists, plants, fungi, and animals as a new source for drugs or ingredients in consumer products and has benefited from the recent explosion of genetic information.