Question

An infertile couple is advised to adopt a test-tube baby programme. Describe two principle procedures adopted for such technologies.

Answer 1

Hint:-The test tube baby program is a process of fertilization in which the egg is combined with sperm in vitro i.e outside the body. It involves monitoring and removing an ovum or ova from the woman's ovaries and then fertilizing it with the sperm in a liquid in a medical laboratory.

Complete answer:
The test-tube baby program is advised to the infertile couple. These processes include In-vitro fertilization (IVF), i.e. The fertilization occurs outside in artificial conditions (that are almost similar to those which exist in the body). The ova and sperms from the donor parents/parent are taken and then induced to form the and then the zygote is transferred into the fallopian tube. The two principle procedures adopted for such technologies are as follows:-
Zygote intrafallopian transfer: In this method sperm from a male donor/ father and ovum from a female donor/mother are collected and then fused in laboratory conditions. The zygote then formed when develops into 8 blastomeres stage is transferred into the fallopian tube
Gamete intrafallopian transfer: In this method, an ovum is collected from a donor female and then transferred into the fallopian tube of an infertile female (who can provide an adequate environment for growth and development but lacks gametes) for fertilization.

Note:- The embryo is transferred into the reproductive tract in a technique called embryo transfer. The embryo in a bit later stage (then 8 blastomeres) is transferred into the uterus by intrauterine transfer (IUT) of an infertile female partner or surrogate mother for giving birth to the baby.