A small particle of mass $ m $ moves in such a way that the potential energy $ U = \dfrac{1}{2}m{\omega ^2}{r^2} $ where $ \omega $ is a constant and $ r $ is the distance of the particle from the origin. Assuming Bohr's model of quantisation of angular momentum and circular orbits. Find the radius of the nth allowed orbit is proportional to
(A) $ n $
(B) $ \sqrt n $
(C) $ {n^{\dfrac{1}{3}}} $
(D) $ {n^2} $
Answer
174.9k+ views
Hint : The answer to this problem can be found by equating the given potential energy of the particle and the kinetic energy of the particle. We have to find the radius of the nth orbit so equate the angular momentum of the particle and Bohr’s angular momentum and get the value equate it with the kinetic energy.
Complete step by step answer
Given, The potential energy of the small particle, $ U = \dfrac{1}{2}m{\omega ^2}{r^2}{\text{ }} \to {\text{1}} $
Where, U is the potential energy of the small particle
$ \omega $ is a constant
$ r $ is the distance of the particle from the origin
$ m $ is the mass of the small particle
Then the kinetic energy of the small particle, $ K.E = \dfrac{1}{2}m{v^2}{\text{ }} \to {\text{2}} $
Where,
K.E is the kinetic energy of the small particle
$ m $ is the mass of the small particle
V is the velocity of the particle with which it moves
There is a hint given in the question itself to use the equations of Bohr's model of quantisation of angular momentum and circular orbits
The angular momentum of a particle in nth orbit is,
$ L = mvr{\text{ }} \to 3 $
L is the angular momentum of a particle
$ m $ is the mass of the small particle
V is the velocity of the particle with which it moves
$ r $ is the distance of the particle from the origin
By Bohr’s first postulate, the angular momentum of the electron
$ L = \dfrac{{nh}}{{2\pi }}{\text{ }} \to 4 $
L is the angular momentum of a particle
n is the orbit in which it revolves
h is the Planck constant
Equating 3 and 4 we get
$ mvr = \dfrac{{nh}}{{2\pi }} $
$ mv = \dfrac{{nh}}{{2\pi r}}{\text{ }} \to 5 $
Substitute equation 5 in equation 2
$ K.E = \dfrac{1}{2}{\left( {\dfrac{{nh}}{{2\pi r}}} \right)^2} $
$ K.E = \dfrac{1}{4}\dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}{r^2}}}{\text{ }} \to {\text{6}} $
We know that,
$ Kinetic{\text{ }}energy{\text{ }} = \dfrac{1}{2}{}potential{\text{ }}energy $
Then, from equation 1 and equation 6
$ \dfrac{1}{4}\dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}{r^2}}} = \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{1}{2}m{\omega ^2}{r^2}} \right) $
$ \dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}{r^2}}} = m{\omega ^2}{r^2} $
$ \dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}{r^2}m{\omega ^2}}} = {r^2} $
$ \dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}m{\omega ^2}}} = {r^2} \times {r^2} $
$ {r^4} = \dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}m{\omega ^2}}} $
From above equation we get
$ {r^4} \propto {n^2} $
$ r \propto \sqrt n $
The radius, $ r $ of orbit is proportional to $ \sqrt n $ (square root of n)
Hence the correct answer is option (B) $ \sqrt n $ .
Note
It is an indirect question since we have to find the relation between the radius and the nth orbit, we are using the equations having n (nth orbit) and r (radius) to relate them. It is given in the question to Assume Bohr's model of quantisation of angular momentum and circular orbits.
Complete step by step answer
Given, The potential energy of the small particle, $ U = \dfrac{1}{2}m{\omega ^2}{r^2}{\text{ }} \to {\text{1}} $
Where, U is the potential energy of the small particle
$ \omega $ is a constant
$ r $ is the distance of the particle from the origin
$ m $ is the mass of the small particle
Then the kinetic energy of the small particle, $ K.E = \dfrac{1}{2}m{v^2}{\text{ }} \to {\text{2}} $
Where,
K.E is the kinetic energy of the small particle
$ m $ is the mass of the small particle
V is the velocity of the particle with which it moves
There is a hint given in the question itself to use the equations of Bohr's model of quantisation of angular momentum and circular orbits
The angular momentum of a particle in nth orbit is,
$ L = mvr{\text{ }} \to 3 $
L is the angular momentum of a particle
$ m $ is the mass of the small particle
V is the velocity of the particle with which it moves
$ r $ is the distance of the particle from the origin
By Bohr’s first postulate, the angular momentum of the electron
$ L = \dfrac{{nh}}{{2\pi }}{\text{ }} \to 4 $
L is the angular momentum of a particle
n is the orbit in which it revolves
h is the Planck constant
Equating 3 and 4 we get
$ mvr = \dfrac{{nh}}{{2\pi }} $
$ mv = \dfrac{{nh}}{{2\pi r}}{\text{ }} \to 5 $
Substitute equation 5 in equation 2
$ K.E = \dfrac{1}{2}{\left( {\dfrac{{nh}}{{2\pi r}}} \right)^2} $
$ K.E = \dfrac{1}{4}\dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}{r^2}}}{\text{ }} \to {\text{6}} $
We know that,
$ Kinetic{\text{ }}energy{\text{ }} = \dfrac{1}{2}{}potential{\text{ }}energy $
Then, from equation 1 and equation 6
$ \dfrac{1}{4}\dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}{r^2}}} = \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{1}{2}m{\omega ^2}{r^2}} \right) $
$ \dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}{r^2}}} = m{\omega ^2}{r^2} $
$ \dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}{r^2}m{\omega ^2}}} = {r^2} $
$ \dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}m{\omega ^2}}} = {r^2} \times {r^2} $
$ {r^4} = \dfrac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{{\pi ^2}m{\omega ^2}}} $
From above equation we get
$ {r^4} \propto {n^2} $
$ r \propto \sqrt n $
The radius, $ r $ of orbit is proportional to $ \sqrt n $ (square root of n)
Hence the correct answer is option (B) $ \sqrt n $ .
Note
It is an indirect question since we have to find the relation between the radius and the nth orbit, we are using the equations having n (nth orbit) and r (radius) to relate them. It is given in the question to Assume Bohr's model of quantisation of angular momentum and circular orbits.
Recently Updated Pages
What does the term LOS communication mean Name the class 12 physics CBSE

How do electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum class 12 physics CBSE

How are gas particles described according to the kinetic class 12 physics CBSE

A ball bounces to 80 of its original height What fraction class 12 physics CBSE

A concave mirror is kept as shown in figure Its principal class 12 physics CBSE

A parallel beam of light enters a clear plastic bead class 12 physics CBSE

Trending doubts
Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell

Write an application to the principal requesting five class 10 english CBSE

Ray optics is valid when characteristic dimensions class 12 physics CBSE

Give 10 examples for herbs , shrubs , climbers , creepers

Write the 6 fundamental rights of India and explain in detail

Write a letter to the principal requesting him to grant class 10 english CBSE

List out three methods of soil conservation

Fill in the blanks A 1 lakh ten thousand B 1 million class 9 maths CBSE

Write a letter to the Principal of your school to plead class 10 english CBSE
