NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 6 - Tissues

Intext Questions:

1. What is a tissue?

Ans: Tissue is a collection of cells with comparable structures that are placed in order to fulfill a given activity.

2. What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?

Ans: Tissues in multicellular organisms are differentiated to perform a specific function at a given location, a process known as division of labor. Nerve cells, for example, make up the neurological tissue that aids in message transmission, whereas muscular cells make up the muscle tissue and muscle tissue is a type of tissue that aids in movement.

3. Name the types of simple permanent tissues

Ans: Parenchyma, Collenchymas, and Sclerenchyma are the three forms of simple permanent tissues. Aerenchyma and chlorenchyma are two types of parenchyma tissue.

4. Where is apical meristem found?

Ans:  At the growing tips of stems and roots, the apical meristem is present.

5. Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?

Ans: Sclerenchyma tissue is a form of simple permanent tissue that makes up the husk of the coconut.

6. What are the constituents of phloem?

Ans: The food-conducting tissue of plants is termed as phloem. Sieve tubes, Companion cells, Phloem parenchyma, and Phloem fibers are the four components.

7. Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.

Ans: Muscle Tissues are responsible for movement.

8. What does a neuron look like?

Ans: A neuron is made up of three parts: the cell body, the axon, and the dendrites. Dendrites are a significant number of extensions that stretch outward from the cell body and resemble branches. A nucleus and other cell organelles make up the cell body. An axon is a tube-like structure that transports an electrical impulse from the cell body to the neuron's opposite end structures.

9. Give three features of cardiac muscles.

Ans:  Features of cardiac muscles:

• They are involuntary in nature.

• They are cylindrical, branched, and uninucleate in structure.

• Throughout their lives, they exhibit cyclic contraction and relaxation.

10. What are the functions of areolar tissue?

Ans: Areolar tissues are commonly seen in animals. They are connective tissues that exist between the skin and the muscles. They can also be found in the bone marrow and around blood arteries and nerves. These tissues take up a lot of room inside the organs. They protect the internal organs and aid in tissue restoration in the event of harm.

 Exercise

1. Define the term “tissue”.

Ans:  A tissue is described as a group of cells with identical structures that collaborate to execute a certain purpose.

2. How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.

Ans: The xylem tissue is made up of four main elements as mentioned :

• Vessels

•  Tracheids

•  Xylem fibers

•  Xylem parenchyma

3. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?

Ans: 

4. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, on the basis of their cell wall.

Ans:

5. What are the functions of the stomata?

Ans: Stomata functions include the exchange of gases with the atmosphere. The stomata are responsible for transpiration.

6. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.

Ans: Striated muscles, smooth muscles (unstriated muscle fibre), and cardiac muscles are the three types of muscular fibres.

Striated Muscle cells

Smooth muscle cells

Cardiac muscle cells

7. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?

Ans: The cardiac muscle is responsible for controlling the heart's contraction and relaxation.

8. Differentiate between striated, unstriated, and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.

Ans: Differences between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles are:

9. Draw a labeled diagram of a neuron.

Ans: 

Structure of Neuron

10. Name the following:

1. Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth. 

Ans: Epithelial tissue 

2. Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans. 

Ans: Dense regular connective tissue (tendons) 

3. Tissue that transports food in plants. 

Ans: Phloem 

4. Tissue that stores fat in our body. 

Ans: Adipose tissue 

5. Connective tissue with a fluid matrix. 

Ans: Blood 

6. Tissue present in the brain.

Ans: Nervous tissue

11. Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin, the bark of a tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.

 Ans: 

• Skin: Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

• The Bark of a Tree: Simple permanent tissue

• Bone: Connective tissue

• The Lining of Kidney Tubule: Cuboidal epithelial tissue

•  Vascular Bundle: Complex permanent tissue

12. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.

 Ans: Leaves, fruits, and flowers.

13. What is the role of the epidermis in plants?

Ans: Role of the epidermis:

• Protection of different parts of the plant.

• Epidermal cells present in roots, help in the absorption of water.

• For protection against loss of water, mechanical injury, and parasitic fungus by producing a waxy, water-resistant covering called the cuticle, which is made of cutin, on the outer surface of the plant.

14. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?

Ans: The cork, which is made up of dead cells, is the bark of a tree. It protects the plant from mechanical damage and temperature extremes, as well as it prevents water loss through evaporation.

15. Complete the table:

Ans: 

NCERT Science Class 9 Chapter 6

You can opt for Chapter 6 - Tissues NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science PDF for Upcoming Exams and also You can Find the Solutions of All the Maths Chapters below.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science

• Chapter 1 - Matter in Our Surroundings

• Chapter 2 - Is Matter Around us Pure

• Chapter 3 - Atoms and Molecules

• Chapter 4 - Structure of Atom

• Chapter 5 - The Fundamental Unit of Life

• Chapter 6 - Tissues

• Chapter 7 - Diversity in Living Organisms

• Chapter 8 - Motion

• Chapter 9 - Force and Laws of Motion

• Chapter 10 - Gravitation

• Chapter 11 - Work and Energy

• Chapter 12 - Sound

• Chapter 13 - Why do We Fall ill

• Chapter 14 - Natural Resources 

• Chapter 15 - Improvement in Food Resources

Along with this, students can also view additional study materials provided by Vedantu, for Class 9

• NCERT Solutions For Class 9

• Revision Notes for Class 9

• CBSE Class 9 Syllabus

This NCERT class 9 chapter 6 is of tissues. The cells are the basic structural and functional unit of the body. The cells of the body unite together and then they form the tissues. So tissues are just a group of similar types of cells that have united to perform a function in the body. When more and more tissues join together, they form the organs and more organs join together to form an organ system. These cells by which tissue is made can be structurally similar and dissimilar. This chapter 6 science class 9 along with the NCERT solutions for class 9 science chapter 6 will help us to excel in exams. We will study about two types of tissues in this class 9 science chapter 6. They are plant tissues and animal tissues.

Plants

The tissues class 9 chapter has two types of tissues. Firstly, we will study plant tissues. The plant tissues are made up of two different types of tissues. They are meristematic tissue and permanent tissues. We will study both of these tissues below.

Meristematic Tissues

There are 2 types of tissues. The first is meristematic tissues.

A group of immature cells that are about to divide or are in the continuous phase of division are known as meristematic tissues. The main functions of these tissues are to provide the growth of the plant. The meristematic tissues are responsible for the primary growth of the plant and its subsequent growth after that. Meristems are the areas in the plant body that possess these meristematic cells. As these areas have meristematic cells so they are the regions of high growth and cell division. The cells that are produced by meristematic cells have lost their capacity to divide. The classification of meristems in the ch 6 science class 9 is based on two types:

• On the basis of origin in the life of a plant, they are Primary meristems and secondary meristems.

• On the basis of position in the plant body, they are of three types: Apical meristem, Lateral meristem and intercalary meristem.

Primary Meristems: These are the cells that appear in the plant at the time of birth or in their early stages of life. They are the major contributors to the formation of the plant body. The cells of the primary meristems are always in an active state of division. Primary permanent tissues are formed by these cells only.

Secondary Meristems: As their name suggests, these meristems appear after the primary meristems. These appear in the later stages of life and are responsible for the secondary growth of the plant. These meristems help in the growth of secondary tissues and are mainly responsible for forming the woody regions of the plant.

Apical Meristems: Apical is known as the tip. So as the name suggests, these tissues are present at the apices or the tips of the plants. The tips are the roots and tip of the stem. They help in growing the roots and stem. They are responsible for increasing the length of the plant. This increase in the length of the roots and stem is known as primary growth.

Lateral Meristems: These meristems are present on the lateral sides of the roots and stem. They are not present on all the plants. These tissues appear in the later stages of life and are not present in the beginning. The secondary tissues are produced with the help of these tissues. They help the plant to grow laterally.

Intercalary Meristems: These meristems are present in between the mature tissues of the plant. These tissues help in increasing the length of the plant and also of its organs.

Permanent Tissues

These tissues are present in the later stages of life. Those cells of the plants have lost the capacity to divide after primary division and then again they retain their capacity to divide. These newly formed cells form the secondary tissues of the plant. The permanent tissues are of two types are Simple permanent tissue and Complex permanent tissue.

Simple Permanent Tissue: These tissues are made up of only one type of cell. These cells are structurally and functionally similar to one another. Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma.

Parenchyma: It forms the major component of various plant parts such as roots, stem and leaves. They are known as living cells because these cells do not lose their protoplasm in their growth phase. The cells of parenchyma are of equal diameters. They have thin cell walls and their walls are made up of cellulose. No intercellular spaces are present inside them. They help in the process of photosynthesis, storing of food and also secretion of waste materials.

Collenchyma: They are also living cells. They are elastic in nature and have mechanical tissue. The cells of collenchyma are oval, spherical or polygonal in shape. The cell walls are thick. Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin are present in its cell wall. They provide strength to the walls.

Sclerenchyma: These are hard tissues and are dead in nature. They help in providing protection to the cells. No protoplast is present inside them therefore they are considered dead in nature. The cell walls are very thick in nature and they have a presence of numerous pits. Lignin and cellulose are deposited in its cell walls. Due to this thickening, the cell walls become impermeable to water.

Complex Permanent Tissue

As the name suggests, these tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. These cells are different from one another in their form and structure. So, the complex tissues are a combination of dissimilar cells that unite together to perform certain functions. Xylem and phloem are the two different types of complex tissues.

Xylem: This tissue is mainly responsible for conducting the water in the plants. As it helps in conducting water and minerals from the roots of the plant to the stem and leaves, it is also known as conducting tissue. It also helps in providing mechanical support and strength to the plant. This helps in tackling the pulling forces and tolerate environmental stresses. The protoxylem is formed first and the metaxylem is formed later on. The vessels in protoxylem have a narrow diameter whereas in metaxylem they have vessels having a broad diameter. When the protoxylem is arranged in the centre and then the metaxylem surrounds it, this condition is known as the endarch type. When the metaxylem is present in the centre and protoxylem surrounds it, this condition is known as the exarch condition. The xylem has four different elements and is Tracheids, Vessels, Xylem fibres and Xylem parenchyma.

Phloem: The phloem is a living tissue. It is responsible for carrying out the food materials in the plant. The food that is prepared in the leaves of the plant is transported to the different parts of the plant with the help of the xylem. In primary phloem, the protophloem is formed first and the metaphloem is formed after that. The secondary phloem is responsible for the secondary growth of the plant. The phloem is also made up of four elements. They are the Phloem Parenchyma, Phloem Fibers, Sieve tube elements and companion cells.

When we study tissues class 9, we get to understand that there are three types of tissue systems that are present in plants. We then need to go through NCERT class 9 science chapter 6 to understand them more clearly so that we can do well in our exams.

They are:

• Epidermal tissue system

• Ground tissue system 

• Vascular tissue system

Some of the important tissues of these above three tissue systems are:

Epidermis: This is the outer layer of the plant. It is single-layered in some plants and multi-layered in some plants. It serves the purpose of protection to the plant. As it provides a covering to the plant, this tissue does not let the water from the plant evaporate from its barks.

Stomata: This is a system of tissue that helps the plants to respire. Plants take up carbon dioxide and provide oxygen. They make up their food by the process of photosynthesis. These stomata are the pore-like structures that are responsible for the gaseous exchange that takes place in plants. These cells also control the process of transpiration in the plants.

Secondary Growth in Plants

In class 9 science chapter 6 we get an understanding of the secondary growth in plants. The growth of the root and stem is known as primary growth. This growth takes place with the help of apical meristems. The lateral meristems are responsible for the secondary growth of the plant. They help to increase the girth of the root and stem. The lateral meristems are the Intrafascicular cambium, Interfascicular cambium and the cork cambium. These lateral meristems are responsible for the secondary growth of the plant. The vascular bundles get arranged in a ring-like manner. They are arranged around the central pith and are conjoint and open. As they possess cambium therefore they are called open tissues. It is known as intrafascicular cambium. The cells start the process of dedifferentiation and in this way, the cambium function also starts and the cambium rings are formed. These cambium rings that are formed by the cambium start dividing. From the observations, it is seen that the cambium is more active on the inner side as compared to the outer side.

Animal Tissues

After going through the NCERT solutions for class 9 science chapter 6 tissues and understanding the plant tissues, we will now study the animal tissues.

There are four types of animal tissues. They are: 

• Epithelial Tissue

• Connective Tissue

• Muscular Tissue

• Nervous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue: These tissues have a basal surface and a free surface. The basal surface is present in contact with the basement membrane. The basement membrane is a non-cellular layer. This basement membrane is responsible for providing elastic support to the connective tissues that are lying under them. The connective tissues obtain nutrients from the basement membrane. These epithelial tissues are present outside the body and also inside of the body to provide protection to the cells of the body. It is of two types: Simple Epithelium and Compound epithelium.

Connective Tissue: In the body of animals, this tissue is most widely distributed and is the most abundant type of tissue. The cells of this tissue are embedded in the intercellular matrix and this helps in connecting them with different tissues. Some type of connective tissue are:

Areolar Tissue: This type of tissue is most widely distributed in the human body. The matrix of this tissue is made up of modified polysaccharides and proteins. It helps in joining the skin to muscles. This tissue is found around the blood vessels, nerves and around muscles. They act as packaging and supporting tissue between the organs of the body cavity. After an injury, they help in repairing up the tissue.

Adipose Tissue: This tissue is an aggregation of fat tissues. These tissues are oval and round in shape and they are completely filled with fat. They are located just below the skin and also around some delicate organs like the heart, kidney and lungs. They help in the fat reservation. As they have fat, they form good cushioning tissues.

Tendon: Tendon tissue is also known as sinew. It is a band of fibrous connective tissues. Tendons join muscles to bones. It is also capable of withstanding tension. Tendon is made up of collagen and thus they are similar to the ligaments. Just one function that differentiates between tendon and ligament is that tendons join muscle to bones whereas ligament connects bone to bone. They are very strong and are thus able to withstand the tension that is generated by muscular contractions. This is because of their parallel orientation and the composition of tissue fibres in the tendon.

Muscular Tissues: The mesoderm is responsible for the generation of muscles. Myocytes are responsible for making up muscle tissue. These cells are bound together by connective tissue and form muscular tissue. A human body has almost 640 muscles. On the basis of location, muscles are classified into three types:

• Skeletal Muscle: They are also known as voluntary muscles or striated muscles. They are attached to the skeleton component of the body. They are involved in locomotory actions and are also responsible for body posture. Alternate dark and white bands are visible on them when they are viewed under a microscope, therefore, named striated muscles. They are voluntary muscles thus they are in control of the animals. Example: Muscles of hindlimbs and forelimbs.

• Smooth muscle: They are also known as unstriped muscles. Cells in these muscles are elongated and spindle in shape. They don't possess alternate dark and light bands. They give a smooth appearance when they are seen under a microscope. These muscles line the hollow organs and are involuntary in nature thus not in control of animals. Example: Posterior regions of oesophagus and stomach.

• Cardiac Muscles: As it is there in their name, these muscles line the heart walls. Alternate light and dark bands appear in these muscles. They are responsible for increasing and decreasing muscular activity.

Nervous tissue: This tissue is responsible for controlling the body’s neural function. Nerve cells are present between them that are the simplest structural and functional cells of the nerve cells. Nerve cells are also called neurons. Neurons are protected by neuroglial cells. Synapse is made up of neurons. it is a portion where the signal is transferred from one part of the neuron to another part.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Ch 6

After going through the above information about tissues and also going through their solutions, we have thoroughly understood each and every detail of the chapter. As per the experts of Vedantu, this material is prepared for the students. This material is prepared by keeping the examination point of view. The previous year exam papers and the pattern CBSE follows to set up these examination papers have been thoroughly studied and then put into this content by our expert’s panel team. We hope all the students who wish to excel in their examination go through this material as it is easy to read and understand and will surely give you an edge over other students in the examination. When you will see the questions that you have practised here in your exam, you would surely have a morale boost. This will also give you confidence for future examinations. Vedantu helps the students to prepare for all kinds of examinations whether they are board-level examinations or entrance-level examinations. You can go through our study material anytime and from anywhere and study and then excel in the examination. Education is the best gift we can give to anyone and we at Vedantu always focus on the quality of education and our content that it is prepared under expert guidance so that it is easy for students to study and understand and also give them an edge over other students in the examination.

In the chapter ‘Tissues’, we will be studying all the NCERT-based questions and answers which are a must for all the students who are preparing for their CBSE Class 9 Exams. If you want to know about the important questions from this chapter, you must refer to this study material. Also, this is a comprehensive study material for revising before the exam.