NCERT Book Class 11 Business Studies PDF

Chapters Comprised in NCERT Business Studies book for Class 11

There are a total of eleven chapters in the NCERT Business Studies textbook for 11th standard students. The first six chapters of the book form Part 1 of the book, which is ‘Foundations of Business’. These chapters discuss business, its forms, modes, and social aspect. Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 constitute Part 2 of the NCERT book Business Studies class 11.

It is about ‘Corporate Organisation, Finance, And Trade’, and talks about further intricacies involved in a business. Formation of a business and how finance is arranged is explained in these lessons. NCERT Business Studies (BST) book also includes chapters on Trade and International business.

Chapter-wise Analysis of the NCERT Book of Class 11 Business Studies

Chapter 1: Business, Trade and Commerce

History of Trade and Commerce is the initial part of Chapter 1. Detailed explanation about the indigenous banking system of early times is followed by a note on ‘Rise of Intermediaries’.

Chapter 1 of Business Studies Class 11 book NCERT also briefs students about the following topics adhering to the history of trade in India-

• Transport

• Merchant Corporations

• Major Trade Centres (Pataliputra, Peshawar, Taxila, Indraprastha, Mathura, Varanasi, Mithila, Ujjain, Surat, Madura, Broach, Kaveripatta, and Tamralipti)

This chapter proceeds to talk about the position of India sub-continent (since 1 AD to 1991) in the world economy. Other contents included in the 1st chapter of NCERT Business Studies book Class 11 are-

1. Concept of Business

2. Characteristics of Business

3. Comparison of Business, Profession and Employment

4. Classification of Business Activities

5. Industries

6. Trade and Commerce

Business risks and objectives of a business are discussed towards the end of this chapter.

Chapter 2: Forms of Business Organisation

Various forms of business organisations include sole proprietorship, joint Hindu family business, partnership, cooperative societies, and Joint-stock companies. Chapter 2 of Business Studies Class 11 NCERT textbook explains the different features of all these business forms. This chapter also includes a detailed analysis of the merits and demerits of each business form.

A company can be of two types. It can either be private or public. In this chapter, students learn about how each of the functions. The factors which influence the choice of business organisation form are also elaborated. They are-

• Cost and ease of setting up an Organisation

• Liability

• Continuity

• Management ability

• Capital considerations

• Degree of control

• Nature of business

A list of important terms related to the chapter comes at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 3: Private, Public, and Global Enterprises

Introduction to private and public sector an economy appears in the 3rd chapter of NCERT books for class 11 Business Studies. It explains the features, merits, and demerits of both the sectors. The lesson briefs about Statutory Corporations or public enterprises. These are enterprises which have been established through a Special Act of the Parliament. 

Chapter 3 explains the changing role of public sector in an economy. Global enterprises and its features are also discussed. Another important topic in Chapter 3 is Joint ventures. There are two different types of a joint venture. They are- 

• Contractual Joint Venture (CJV)

• Equity-based Joint Venture (EJV)

Examples, features, and benefits of a Joint venture are included here. Towards the end, the chapter has a note on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) 

Chapter 4: Business Services

Class 11 BST NCERT book in its 4th chapter discusses the nature of business services. This is also known as the 5 Is of services. They include-

• Intangibility

• Inconsistency

• Inseparability

• Inventory

• Involvement

Different types of services are Business service, social service, and personal service. Here in this chapter, all these services are explained. Chapter 4 also carries the difference between goods and services.

This chapter provides a detailed study of different types of bank, including-

• Commercial banks

• Cooperative banks

• Specialised banks

• Central bank

E-banking is a crucial topic in Chapter 4 of NCERT Business Studies book class 11. In the context of Insurance, the following have been discussed-

1. Types

2. Principles

3. Functions

The chapter concludes with a note on communication services, including postal and telecom services.

Chapter 5: Emerging Modes of Business

Chapter 5 in Business Studies book Class 11 NCERT teaches about the latest modes of business activities. It can be termed as e-business. This chapter provides a detailed discussion of the scope of e-business in today's world. Benefits of e-commerce have been listed down, both in terms of the business organisation as well the society.

On the contrary, limitations of e-business are also mentioned. There is a chart in this chapter which points the difference between traditional business and e-business. Chapter 5 also mentions the resources which are required for the successful implementation of e-business.

Outsourcing is another topic in this chapter of BST NCERT book Class 11. The various needs and concerns relevant to outsourcing have been detailed.

Chapter 6: Social Responsibilities of Business and Business Ethics

The concept of social responsibility with reference to business is what Chapter 6 is about. The lesson explains the need for corporate social responsibility. A detailed guide of arguments for and against social responsibility has been incorporated in Chapter 6. Arguments in favour of social responsibility include the following points-

1. Justification for existence and growth

2. Long-term interest of the firm

3. Avoidance of government regulation

4. Maintenance of society

5. Availability of resources with business

6. Converting problems into opportunities

7. A better environment for doing business

8. Holding business responsible for social problems

Arguments against social responsibility include-

1. Violation of profit maximisation objective

2. Burden of consumers

3. Lack of social skills

4. Lack of broad public support

Chapter 6 of NCERT Business studies book Class 11 also briefs about the reality of social responsibility and its kinds. Discussion on environmental pollution and the role of business to protect the environment is also included.

Chapter 7: Formation of a Company

Chapter 7 elaborates the ins and outs of forming a new company. One of the important aspects in the formation of a new company is its promotion. The lesson teaches about the various functions of a promoter.

The different documents which are required to be submitted to form a company have been mentioned and discussed in Chapter 7. This chapter of BST Class 11 NCERT book explains the other formalities of company formation. These formalities include-

• Incorporation

• Capital Subscription

Difference between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association in terms of objectives, position, relationship, validity and necessity is included in Chapter 7. 

Chapter 8: Sources of Business Finance

The 8th chapter in NCERT book of BST Class 11 is about the meaning, nature, and significance of business finance. Multiple financial needs of a business have been categorised in Chapter 8. It includes-

1. Fixed capital requirements

2. Working capital requirements

This is followed by a classification of the sources of funds in the form of a chart. Sources of funds can be classified based on the period, ownership, source of generation, etc. Different sources of finance are explained, along with their merits and limitations. The sources mentioned are-

• Retained earnings

• Trade credit

• Factoring

• Lease financing

• Public deposits

• Commercial paper

• Issue of shares

• Debentures

• Commercial banks

• Financial institutions

International financial is discussed towards the end of this lesson.

Chapter 9: Small Business

Chapter 9 of CBSE class 11 Business Studies NCERT book informs about the different types of small-scale business. Manufacturing and services are explained in details. The main three types of manufacturing and services are-

1. Micro-Enterprise

2. Small Enterprise

3. Medium enterprise

The chapter has notes on village and cotton industries as well. It elaborates the role of small business in India, specifically rural India.

Chapter 9 also Talks About The Government's Assistance in Backing Small Business units. Some of These Measures Include-

1. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

2. Rural Small Business Development Centre (RSBDC)

3. National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)

4. Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development (RWED)

5. Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)

6. District Industries Centers (DICs)

The 9th chapter of NCERT Business Studies Book Class 11 explains Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and its importance.

Chapter 10: Internal Trade

In this chapter, students learn about wholesale trading. Here are some of the services provided by wholesale manufacturers-

• Facilitating Large scale production

• Bearing risk

• Financial assistance

• Expert advice

• Help in a marketing function

• Facilitate production continuity

• Storage

The services offered by manufacturers to retailers include-

1. Availability of goods

2. Marketing support

3. Grant of credit

4. Specialised knowledge

5. Risk sharing

Next, in this chapter of NCERT Business Studies book class 11, retail trading has been discussed. Services of retailers consist of the following-

1. Help in the distribution of goods

2. Personal selling

3. Enabling large-scale operations

4. Collecting market information

5. Help in promotion

Chapter 10 also explains the mechanism of Goods and Services Tax (GST).

Chapter 11: International Business

This chapter clearly explains the meaning of international business. It gives a detailed study of the reasons behind international business. Chapter 11 also describes how international business differs from domestic business.

Modes of entry into an international business are also discussed in this lesson. These include the following-

• Exporting and importing

• Contract manufacturing

• Licensing and franchising

• Joint Ventures

• Wholly owned subsidiaries

Chapter 11 of NCERT Business Studies book Class 11 gives detailed information regarding the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, popularly known as the World Bank. Other vital topics in this chapter are the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). 

Why are NCERT Books Considered Best for Exam Preparations?

Over more than three decades, NCERT books have maintained the reputation of providing the best possible guidance to CBSE students. NCERT Books for class 11 commerce Business Studies and all other publications are now available on the official website. Students can download the PDFs to read the chapters anytime from any place.

There are numerous reasons as to why NCERT textbooks have been reviewed the best by students. Here are some of those reasons-

1. Vivid Analysis of All Topics- Every topic of the CBSE-enlisted syllabus is explained vividly in the NCERT books. Detailed knowledge about all topics helps students answer their exams better. Proper analysis of all concepts ensures that students understand the fundamentals of every chapter completely.

2. Lucid Language- The NCERT textbooks have been drafted in a transparent and straightforward language pattern. The reason behind this is to help students understand the chapters faster. Books written in a complex language often puzzle students, and they fail to comprehend the lessons. The plain format of NCERT books assists pupils to understand the chapters better and retain the lessons for a longer span.

3. Key Facts and Terms- Crucial facts and phrases related to a particular chapter are listed down in the NCERT books. This is to make sure that students put more focus on those terms and concepts. Questions are most likely to be asked on these very terms.

4. Important Concepts Backed with Examples and Diagrams- For better understanding, the chapters comprise diagrams, charts, tables and examples. All these help students to comprehend even difficult chapters easily. Any sort of doubts while studying the text is eliminated once a student goes through the examples, diagrams or charts.

5. Systematic Approach- NCERT books like NCERT Business Studies book class 11 does not rush through the CBSE syllabus. It explains all the concepts in a step-by-step manner, just like how a teacher would explain it in the class. Topics in each chapter have been arranged systematically so that one concept leads to another.

6. Drafted by Experts- All the NCERT books have been prepared and compiled by subject-experts and experienced professors. Their profound knowledge of each subject is incorporated in the textbooks.

7. Interesting and Gripping- NCERT books are formatted and designed in a student-friendly way. This aspect prevents books from being monotonous and boring. Students find studying their chapters from NCERT books because of its interesting nature. It keeps them glued and builds the keenness in them to read and learn more.

All the NCERT books, irrespective of subject and standard possess the above mentioned qualities.

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