# Types of Triangles

There are different types of triangle based on sides and angles of triangles. A triangle can have all sides same or all sides different. Similarly, a triangle can either have all angles same or all angles different. The angles can be less than, more than or equal to 90degrees. Two triangles having the same angles but different length of sides are called similar triangles. Thus, the ratio of the sides of the bigger and smaller triangle is always constant.

### What is a Triangle?

By definition, a triangle is a two-dimensional shape having a flat surface which can be drawn on a piece of paper. A triangle consists of three sides, three vertices and three angles. In other words, we can say that a Triangle is the simplest polygon. Polygons are closed, flat, two-dimensional shapes having many corners. The minimum corners required to make a polygon is three because one or two corners cannot make a closed shape. Each corner makes up an angle. The most basic fact about the triangle is that the sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is always 180 degrees.

Note: No angle should be zero degrees or 180 degrees as it would make a straight line rather than a triangle. Also, no triangle can have two angles more than 90 degrees as it won’t make a triangle.

## Terms Related To Triangles:

Median: A line segment joining a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side of the triangle is called a median. In figure ABC, D is the midpoint of AB. Thus AD forms the median of the triangle ABC.

Similarly, a median can be drawn from the midpoint of BC as well as CA. In other words, a triangle can have three medians.

Centroid: Centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of the three medians of a triangle.

Here, the midpoint of the medians AD, BE and FC is the centroid of the triangle ABC.

Altitude: The length of the perpendicular from a vertex to the opposite side of a triangle is called its altitude, and the side on which the perpendicular is drawn is called its base.

In the triangleABC, the perpendicular drawn to BC, that is AL is the altitude. The side BC is called the base of the triangle.

Orthocentre: The point of intersection (or concurrence) of the three altitudes of a triangle is called its orthocentre.

The meeting point (H) of the altitudes AL, CN and BM of the triangle is called the orthocentre.

Incentre and Incircle: The point of intersection of internal bisectors of the angle of a triangle is called incentre. Here, the point I which is the meeting point of the bisectors of the angles A, B and C is called Incentre.The incentre of a circle is also the centre of the circle which touches all the sides of the triangle.

Circumcentre and Circumcircle: The point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle ABC is called its circumcentre.

In the figure, the perpendicular bisectors of sides AB, BC and CA of the triangle ABC intersects at point O. The circumcentre of the triangle is marked as point O.

Circumcircle is the circle drawn keeping the circumcentre of the triangle as the centre such that the circle passes through all the vertices of the triangle.

### Types of Triangles

There are three types of triangles based on sides and three types based on angles. To work with different types of triangles it is important to know its properties. A triangle can be classified on the basis of two factors:

• The length of a triangle's sides

• The angles of a triangle's corners

Types of Triangles based on sides:

1. Scalene Triangle.

2. Isosceles Triangle.

3. Equilateral Triangle.

## Types of Triangles

 Type of Triangle Description Isosceles It has two equal sides, and the third side either longer or shorter than the equal sides. Equilateral The measure of all the sides and angles are the same. Scalene Its sides and angles are all of different measures.

### Scalene Triangles

Scalene triangles have all the sides non congruent. Noncongruent is the term used for unequal sides of triangles. For example, if a triangle is having sides of 12 cm, 30 cm, and 23 cm then it would be called a scalene triangle. Even a triangle with two sides the same cannot be called a scalene triangle. Like all the other triangles, even the sum of all the angles of the scalene triangle is exactly 180 degrees. The figure given below illustrates a scalene triangle.

1. No sides and no angles of a scalene triangle are the same.

2. The side opposite the smallest angle is also smallest.

3. A scalene triangle has all the sides different.

4. It has unequal angles.

5. Its longest side is right opposite to its biggest angle.

6. It cannot be bisected into two equal halves.

7. It has no line of symmetry.

8. A scalene triangle can be an acute scalene triangle, an obtuse scalene triangle or right scalene triangle.

9. The area of a scalene triangle can be calculated by using Heron’s formula if all the sides are given.

10. When a scalene triangle is inscribed in a circle, each angle is half the angle subtended by the opposite side.

11.  The centre of the circumscribing circle lies inside the triangle if all the three angles are acute.

### Isosceles Triangles

An isosceles triangle is a triangle having two sides of equal length and one unequal side. Also, the angles opposite to the equal sides of an isosceles triangle are also equal. Thus, we can say that an isosceles triangle has two equal sides as well as two equal angles.The equal sides are called legs and the unequal side is called base. An isosceles triangle can be bisected into two equal right-angled triangles.

The area of an isosceles triangle can be estimated:

1. If the measure of one angle and one side are given

2.  If three sides of the triangle are given.

3.  If two sides of the isosceles triangle and their included angle are given.

The figure given below illustrates an isosceles triangle.

1. Two sides are congruent to each other.

2. The two angles opposite to the equal sides are congruent to each other. Thus, the angles are also congruent according to isosceles triangle base angle theorem.

3. Apex angle is the angle which is not congruent to the two base angles which are congruent.

4. The height drawn from the apex of an isosceles triangle divides the base into two equal parts and also divides the apex angle into two equal angles.

5. Area of Isosceles triangle = ½ × base × height

6. Perimeter of an Isosceles triangle = sum of all the three sides

7. The third unequal angle of an isosceles can be acute or obtuse.

8. The circumcenter of an isosceles triangle lies inside the triangle if all the three angles of the three triangle is acute.

9. The sides of the triangle are the chords of the circumcircle.

10. If one of the angles are 90 degrees, then the circumcenter lies outside the triangle.

11. Centroid is the intersection of the medians of the Isosceles triangle.

12. The median drawn from Apex divides the triangle at right angles.

13. The perpendicular bisectors of an isosceles triangle intersects at its circumcenter.

14. The angle bisectors of an isosceles triangle intersect at the incenter.

15. The circle drawn with the incenter touches the three sides of the triangle internally.

16. Each median divides the isosceles triangle into two equal triangles having the same area.

17. Joining the midpoint of three sides divides the triangle into 4 smaller triangles of the same area.

18. When a circle with the diameter equal to base is drawn:

1. For an obtuse-angled isosceles triangle the apex lies inside the circle.

2. For a right-angled isosceles triangle the apex lies on the circumference.

3. For an acute-angled isosceles triangle the apex lies outside the triangle.

1. When the midpoint apex is taken as a radius and a circle is drawn with the midpoint of the base as the centre

1. For an acute-angled isosceles, the base vertices lies inside the circle.

2. For a right-angled isosceles the base vertices lie on the circumference

3. For an obtuse-angled isosceles triangle the base vertices lie outside the circle.

### Equilateral Triangles

In an equilateral triangle all sides are equal with each interior angle of 60 degrees. Equilateral triangle is also called an equiangular triangle because all the angles are the same. The area of an equilateral triangle can be estimated in three cases:

If the measure of one angle and one side are given

If three sides of the triangle are given.

If two sides of the triangle and their included angles are given

The figure given below illustrates an equilateral triangle.

1. All the sides are the same.

2. All the angles of the equilateral triangle are the same.

3. The median, altitude, angle bisector, perpendicular bisector all coincide at one line.

4. The median, altitude, perpendicular bisector and angle bisector forms the line of symmetry of an equilateral triangle.

5. The length of all the medians, altitude, perpendicular bisector and angle bisector are the same.

6. The area of an equilateral triangle is$^2\sqrt {\frac{3}{4}} {S^2}$ Here, s is the sides of an equilateral triangle.

7. The orthocenter, circumcenter, incenter and centroid all lie at the same point.

8.  Each altitude is a median of the equilateral triangle.

9.  The centroid is the meeting point of the angle bisectors, medians as well as perpendicular bisectors of a triangle.

10. The incenter and the circumcenter of an equilateral triangle are the same.

Types of triangles based on angles:

1. Acute Triangle.

2. Obtuse Triangle.

3. Right Triangle.

 Types of Triangle Description Right (right-angled) One of the angles is the right angle. Acute All the angles are less than 90 degrees. Obtuse One angle of all the angles is greater than 90 degrees.
1. ### Acute Triangles

All the interior angles of an equilateral triangle are less than 90 degrees such that the sum of all the angles is always 180 degrees. The figure given below illustrates an acute triangle.

The figure given above is an acute triangle with all the interior angles less than 90 degrees (that is, 75, 62 and 43 degrees).

1. It has all three angles as acute.

2. Its perpendicular bisectors intersect at the circumcenter and median intersect at the centroid.

3. The circumcenter of an acute triangle lies inside the triangle.

4. The angle bisectors meet at the incenter of the circle. A circle can be drawn with the incenter of the triangle as the centre of the circle to touch the three sides of the triangle internally.

5. Joining the midpoints of the three sides of the triangle results in 3 parallelograms having the same area and 4 triangles of the same area.

1. ### Obtuse Triangles

One of the three interior angles of an obtuse triangle is greater than 90 degrees and the rest two are less than 90 degrees such that the sum of all the interior angles is always 180 degrees. The figure given below illustrates an obtuse triangle.

1. It has two acute angles and one obtuse angle.

2. Its  perpendicular bisectors intersect at the circumcenter.

3. The medians intersect at the centroid.

4.  Its circumcenter always lies outside the triangle.

5. The angle bisectors meet at the incenter of the triangle. A circle drawn with the incentre as its centre touches the three sides of the triangle internally.

6. Medians splits the triangle into two smaller triangles having the same area.

7. Joining the midpoints of the three sides of the triangle results in 3 parallelograms of the same area and 4 triangles of the same area.

1. ### Right-Angled Triangles

A right triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles is 90 degrees. The side opposite to the right angle (90-degree angle) is always the longest side called the hypotenuse and the side right next to right angle is called perpendicular. The side on which the right triangle rests is called base or adjacent. Right isosceles triangle is a triangle having a perpendicular and base of the same length such that the angle between them is 90 degrees. The figure given below illustrates a right triangle.