Question

The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Which of the following statements is/are true about them?
(a) Gases and liquids have viscosity as a common property
(b) The molecules in all three states possess random translational motion
(c) Gases can not be converted into solids without passing through the liquid phase
(d) Solid and liquid have vapour pressure as a common property

Answer 1

Hint: Viscosity is the property of liquids and gases. And it is considered as a force or friction by which one part of gas or liquid interacts with another part of gas or liquid.

Complete Step by Step Solution:
The things around us such as air, water, animals, clothes, and more are built through matter.
Matter is also formed by the gathering of particles, and it has the property of space and mass.
Based on the state of matter, they can be classified as solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid state
They have a rigid structure due to this behaviour they possess definite shapes and sizes.
The solids have a well-defined arrangement of constituent particles in a regular manner. These constituent particles are bonded very tightly to each other.
The solids also have very less space between the constituent particles due to this property their compression is very tough.

Liquid state
The liquid state of matter can be recognized by its free-flowing nature.
The liquid state has a definite volume, but its shape is not fixed.
In a liquid state, the constituent particles are connected to each other by intermolecular bonds.
In the liquid state, the constituent particles are not arranged in an ordered manner.
In the liquid state of matter, any layer in motion of liquid tries to pull the neighbouring layer by means of cohesive forces between the constituent particles. This property is called viscosity.

Gaseous state
The gaseous state is a state of matter which can diffuse freely in all directions.
The gaseous state of matter does not have a definite shape and volume like solids and liquids.
In the gaseous state constituent particles are connected to each other through a very weak intermolecular bond.
In the gaseous state, the matter is highly compressible.
The constituent particles in gaseous states have a random arrangement.
Like the liquid state, the gaseous state also possesses the property of viscosity.

The above points indicate that gases and liquids have viscosity as a common property. Therefore, option (a) will be the correct answer.

Note: Viscosity is a type of resistance of gas and liquid, which causes the change in the movement of constituent particles. The reciprocal of viscosity is called fluidity.