Question

In this reaction \[{C_6}{H_5}N{H_2} + HCl + NaN{O_2}\,\, \to \,\,X\;\] product $X$ is
A. Aniline hydrochloride
B. Nitro aniline
C. Benzenediazonium chloride
D. None of these

Answer 1

Hint: \[{C_6}{H_5}N{H_2}\] is known as aminobenzene or phenylamine. Its common name is aniline and it is a primary amine. Primary amines both aromatic and aliphatic, undergo a diazotisation reaction. This reaction occurs when an amino-group gets converted into a diazonium salts.

Complete step-by-step answer:The following reaction shows how aniline reacts with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to produce benzene diazonium chloride as the end product. There are numerous industries where the diazonium group is used. This fusion of organic and inorganic components has been a boon for scientists, with applications in the dye and pigment business as well as the synthesis of several organic molecules.
 \[{C_6}{H_5}N{H_2} + HCl + NaN{O_2}\,\, \to \,\,{C_6}{H_5}{N_2^ + } - Cl + NaCl + 2{H_2}O\]

So, X is Benzenediazonium chloride.

Option ‘C’ is correct

Additional Information:It is important to note that the reactions involving a diazonium salt are always carried out using a freshly manufactured solution created in this manner. Diazonium salts are very explosive as solids and exceedingly unstable. Diazonium salts are most frequently used in the reaction known as azo coupling. In this procedure, substrates rich in electrons attack the diazonium molecule by coupling to them.

One of the most adaptable assemblages of organic and inorganic elements is diazonium salts. \[R{N_2^{ + }}{X^ - }\] is a common way to express it. While $X$ stands in for an ion, $R$ is an organic group that is typically an aryl group. Typically, the $X$ in diazonium salts is \[C{l^ - }\] , \[B{r^ - }\] , and \[B{F^ - }_4\] . These salts' names are depending on whether the \[{N_2^{ + }}\] or diazonium groups are present.

Note: Standard reagents used in the synthesis of organic molecules, particularly aryl derivatives, include diazonium compounds. But the initial application for diazonium salts was to create colourful fabrics by soaking them in an aqueous solution of the diazonium compound, then dipping them in a solution of the electron-rich ring that underwent electrophilic substitution.