Question

In ethene, the bond angle(s) is/are.
(a) \[10{9^o}28\prime \]
(b) \[12{0^o}\]
(c) \[18{0^o}\]
(d) Different

Answer 1

Hint: Like alkene, graphite also possesses the \[s{p^2}\]hybridization. The ground state electronic configuration of carbon is \[1{s^2},2{s^2},2{p^2}\]. The four valence electrons of carbon are present in \[2s\]and \[2p\]orbital, when these orbitals combine the formation of \[s{p^2}\]hybridized orbitals occurs. Each carbon atom in graphite can be fused with the other three carbon atoms via covalent bonds.

Complete step by step solution:Ethylene is also known as ethene.
Ethene is an organic compound, which is formed by carbon and hydrogen atoms, and it is represented by \[C{H_2} = C{H_2}\]molecular formula.
Because ethylene contains carbon and hydrogen therefore it belongs to the category of unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Because the ethene has a double bond. Therefore, it comes under the category of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
The unsaturated hydrocarbons possess double and triple bonds between carbon atoms.
Because for the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond minimum of two carbon atoms are required. Therefore, in the family of alkenes, the ethene is known as the simplest alkene.
The carbon atom has the property to form carbon-carbon single, double and triple bonds. Due to this property, various covalent compounds of carbon have been reported.
Based on carbon-carbon single, double and triple bonds we can easily predict the hybridization and structure.
When a compound possesses a single carbon-carbon bond, then the structure will be tetrahedral. Whereas, when a compound has carbon-carbon double and triple bond then the structure will be planar and linear respectively.
In each compound, the carbon atom has four valence electrons.
In the structure of the ethylene molecule, the carbon-carbon double bond has four shared pairs of electrons, and the rest two electrons \[C - C\]bond with hydrogen atoms.

An ethene (\[C{H_2} = C{H_2}\]) molecule is formed when the ground state configuration (\[1{s^2},2{s^2},2{p^2}\]) of carbon atom change into the excited state configuration (\[1{s^2},2{s^1},2{p_x}^1,2{p_y}^1,2{p_z}^1\]). In the excited state, the carbon atom shifted the \[2{s^2}\]orbital to \[2{p_z}^1\]orbital to provide four unpaired electrons which later overlap with four hydrogen atoms to form the ethene (\[C{H_2} = C{H_2}\]) molecule.

Image: Molecular structure of ethene molecule.
Because ethene molecules have \[s{p^2}\]hybridization and planar structure with \[{120^o}\]bond angle.

Therefore from the above explanation we can say option (b) will be the correct option:

Note: Due to the electronically rich carbon-carbon bond, the ethene molecule gives the electrophilic addition reaction.
The alkenes are considered more reactive than the alkanes.
Ethylene is used as a plant growth and regulator hormone.