The starting material for the manufacture of \[\;KMn{O_4}\] is:
(A) Pyrolusite
(B) Manganite
(C) Magnetite
(D) Haematite
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Hint: Potassium permanganate is produced industrially from manganese dioxide which occurs as mineral pyrolusite. The \[\;Mn{O_2}\] is fused with potassium hydroxide and heated in air or with another source of oxygen, like potassium nitrate or potassium chlorate.
Complete step by step solution:
The starting material for the manufacture of \[\;KMn{O_4}\] is pyrolusite.
Pyrolusite is a mineral consisting essentially of manganese dioxide (\[Mn{O_2}\]) and is important as an ore of manganese. It is a black, amorphous appearing mineral, often with a granular, fibrous, or columnar structure, sometimes forming uniform crusts.
It consists of manganese ions and oxide ions.
Potassium permanganate is prepared by fusion of \[Mn{O_2}\](pyrolusite) with potassium hydroxide and an oxidizing agent like \[KN{O_3}\] to form potassium manganate (green mass), which disproportionate in a neutral or acidic solution to form permanganate.
\[3{K_2}Mn{O_4} + 4HCl \to 2KMn{O_4} + Mn{O_2} + 2{H_2}O + 4KCl\]
Hence, option A is correct.
Note: \[\;KMn{O_4}\] is a strong oxidizing agent with Mn in +7 state. In an acidic medium there is a change of 5 electrons whereas in neutral and basic medium it will act as an oxidizing agent.
Complete step by step solution:
The starting material for the manufacture of \[\;KMn{O_4}\] is pyrolusite.
Pyrolusite is a mineral consisting essentially of manganese dioxide (\[Mn{O_2}\]) and is important as an ore of manganese. It is a black, amorphous appearing mineral, often with a granular, fibrous, or columnar structure, sometimes forming uniform crusts.
It consists of manganese ions and oxide ions.
Potassium permanganate is prepared by fusion of \[Mn{O_2}\](pyrolusite) with potassium hydroxide and an oxidizing agent like \[KN{O_3}\] to form potassium manganate (green mass), which disproportionate in a neutral or acidic solution to form permanganate.
\[3{K_2}Mn{O_4} + 4HCl \to 2KMn{O_4} + Mn{O_2} + 2{H_2}O + 4KCl\]
Hence, option A is correct.
Note: \[\;KMn{O_4}\] is a strong oxidizing agent with Mn in +7 state. In an acidic medium there is a change of 5 electrons whereas in neutral and basic medium it will act as an oxidizing agent.