# Derivation of Equation of Motion

## Types of the Equation of the Motion :

There are three equations of motion which are given below:

The above three equations represent the motion of a particle in a three-dimensional space. One can write the equation in 1D or 2 D with their respective components.

### Derivation of First Equation of Motion

The first equation of motion is written as below:

This equation involves the initial and final velocity, constant acceleration, and time. Let an object of mass ‘m’ moves with an initial speed . The speed of the object changes due to constant acceleration ‘a’ which results in the final speed after a time interval‘’.

1. Derivation of First Equation of Motion by Algebraic Method

As it is well known that the rate of change in speed is called acceleration.

On rearranging the above equation, one can obtain the first equation of motion:

1. Derivation of First Equation of Motion by Graphical Method

In Figure 1 at time t = 0 at point E, an object has the initial speed and the final speed is . From the graph: which results in

Acceleration ‘a’ is the slope of the velocity versus time graph and hence, can be written as-

From the horizontal axis,

Putting the equation (3) in equation (2), the following equation is obtained:

Hence, we get the first equation of motion.

1. Derivation of First Equation of Motion by Calculus Method

It is already known that acceleration ‘a’ is the rate of change of the velocity, v.

Mathematically, we can write .

### Derivation of Second Equation of Motion

The second equation of motion is which represents the total distances travelled by an object in a time interval of   with an initial speed of and acceleration ‘a’.

1. Derivation of Second Equation of Motion by Algebraic Method

The second equation of motion gives the relationship between the positions of the object with time.

Consider an object moves with an initial speed of which is under the influence of constant acceleration ‘a’. After time travelling distance s, the speed of the object becomes . The average speed is given as below

It is also known that

Putting the value of in the above equation we obtain

Using the first equation of motion in the above equation

On rearranging the above equation we get,

which is the second equation of motion.

1. Derivation of Second Equation of Motion by Graphical Method?

Consider Figure 2; the total distance travelled by the object in a time interval of is equal to the area of the geometrical figure OECA.

Hence, the total distance travelled, ‘s’,  is equal to

, which gives the equation

1. Derivation of Second Equation of Motion by Calculus Method

Velocity is the rate of change of the displacement. Mathematically, this can be written as:

Here ‘ds’ is the small change in the displacement in a given small interval of time ‘dt’.

Putting the first equation of motion and eliminating the value of the final speed in the above equation, we get:

### Derivation of third Equation of Motion

The third equation of motion is given as

This shows the relation between the distance and speeds.

1. Derivation of Third Equation of Motion by Algebraic Method

Let’s assume an object starts moving with an initial speed of and is subject to acceleration ‘a’. The second equation of motion is written as

Putting the value of  from the first equation of motion, which is , we get the following equation

On solving the above equation, we obtain the third equation of motion which is.

1. Derivation of third Equation of Motion by Graphical Method?

Total distance travelled by an object is equal to the area of trapezium OECA, consider Figure 3.

Eliminating time interval from the above equation by using the first equation of motion, such as .

Hence, we can write;

1. Derivation of third Equation of Motion by Calculus Method

As discussed in previous sections we can term acceleration and velocity in a mathematical form as below:

Multiply on both sides of equation A,

Putting the value of from equation (B) in equation (C),

We can write the above equation in integral form as below-

On solving the above equation, we obtain the third equation of motion,