Solved NCERT Questions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 In Hindi - Free PDF
FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Microbes In Human Welfare in Hindi - 2025-26
1. Where can I find accurate and step-by-step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10, Microbes in Human Welfare?
You can find comprehensive and reliable NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 on Vedantu's website. These solutions are prepared by subject-matter experts and strictly follow the CBSE 2025-26 syllabus and marking guidelines. Each answer provides a detailed, step-by-step explanation to help you understand the correct method for solving the textbook exercises and prepare effectively for board exams.
2. How should one correctly answer the NCERT question about the role of microbes in producing industrial products?
To answer this question correctly as per the NCERT pattern, you should structure your answer with clear examples. Create a table or use bullet points to list the microbe, the product it yields, and its application. For example:
- Organic Acids: Aspergillus niger (a fungus) is used to produce citric acid.
- Enzymes: Lipases are used in detergent formulations to remove oily stains.
- Antibiotics: The fungus Penicillium notatum is used to produce the antibiotic Penicillin.
- Beverages: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) is used for fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices to produce ethanol-based beverages like wine and beer.
3. Why is the secondary stage of sewage treatment specifically called 'biological treatment' in the NCERT solutions?
The secondary stage of sewage treatment is called 'biological treatment' because it primarily uses living organisms to break down organic matter. In this stage, the primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where aerobic microbes grow vigorously. These microbes form masses with fungal filaments, creating structures called flocs. The microbes in these flocs consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent, significantly reducing its Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Since the entire process relies on the metabolic activity of these microorganisms, it is termed a biological process.
4. What is the step-by-step process for explaining biogas production as required for the NCERT Class 12 exercise?
A complete, step-by-step explanation for biogas production should include the following points:
- Step 1: Slurry Preparation: A slurry of cattle dung and water is fed into a concrete tank called the digester.
- Step 2: Anaerobic Digestion: The digester is an anaerobic environment where specific bacteria, called methanogens (e.g., Methanobacterium), act on the organic matter. These bacteria break down the cellulosic material.
- Step 3: Gas Production: During digestion, a mixture of gases is produced, primarily consisting of methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and traces of hydrogen (H₂). This mixture is known as biogas.
- Step 4: Utilisation: The biogas is collected and supplied through an outlet pipe for use as fuel, while the spent slurry is removed and used as a biofertiliser.
5. How do the NCERT solutions explain the difference between a biocontrol agent and a biofertiliser?
The NCERT solutions differentiate them based on their primary function. A biocontrol agent is a living organism used to control or eliminate pests like insects and pathogens, thereby protecting crops. For example, the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is used to control butterfly caterpillars. In contrast, a biofertiliser is a microorganism that enriches the nutrient quality of the soil, primarily by fixing atmospheric nitrogen or solubilising phosphorus. For instance, bacteria like Rhizobium live in the root nodules of leguminous plants and fix nitrogen, making it available to the plant.
6. What key points are essential for a high-scoring answer on the role of microbes as biofertilisers?
To write a high-scoring answer, you should include the following key points with examples as per the NCERT textbook:
- Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: Mention symbiotic bacteria like Rhizobium (in legume roots) and free-living bacteria like Azospirillum and Azotobacter that enrich soil nitrogen content.
- Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria: Include examples like Anabaena, Nostoc, and Oscillatoria, which are autotrophic microbes that fix atmospheric nitrogen, especially in paddy fields.
- Fungi as Biofertilisers: Explain the symbiotic association of fungi with plant roots, known as mycorrhiza. The fungal symbiont absorbs phosphorus from the soil and passes it to the plant.
7. What is the scientific reason that different types of cheese have unique textures and flavours, a concept covered in Chapter 10?
The unique characteristics of different cheeses are determined by the specific microbes used during the ripening process. For example, the large holes in 'Swiss cheese' are due to the production of a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) by a bacterium named Propionibacterium shermanii. Similarly, the distinct flavour of 'Roquefort cheese' is a result of ripening it with specific fungi, which imparts a particular taste and aroma. The texture, flavour, and smell are all outcomes of the unique metabolic pathways of the ripening microbe.
8. Beyond just a definition, how do the NCERT solutions explain the mechanism of bioactive molecules like Cyclosporin A?
The NCERT solutions explain the mechanism of Cyclosporin A by linking it to a specific medical application. Cyclosporin A, produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum, functions as an immunosuppressive agent. Its mechanism involves inhibiting the activation of T-cells, which are a key component of the immune system responsible for graft rejection. By suppressing the immune response, it is crucial for preventing the body from rejecting transplanted organs, making it invaluable in organ transplant procedures.




































