Answer
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Hint: Solubility is basically the property referring to the ability of a given substance i.e. solute to dissolve in a solvent. It is further measured in the terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. Moreover, not all salts are soluble in water. To determine the solubility of salts we should know some of the rules.
Complete step by step answer:
The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a known quantity of solvent at a certain temperature is known as solubility. Further, salt is an ionic compound that has a cation other than ${H^ + }$and an anion other than $O{H^ - }$and is further obtained along with the water in the neutralization reaction between acids and bases.
Now, let’s talk about the solubility of a salt. For example If I say that one mole of sodium sulphate dissolves in water then I really mean that for every mole of sodium sulphate that dissolves, then two moles of sodium are formed and one mole of sulfate is formed. So, now we will discuss some of the solubility rules.
Salts containing nitrate ion i.e. $(N{O_3}^ - )$ are generally soluble.
Salts containing group I elements i.e. $L{i^ + },N{a^ + },{K^ + },C{s^ + },R{b^ + }$ are soluble. Further there are few exceptions to this rule.
Most sulphates are soluble. Some of the exceptions are $CaS{O_4},BaS{O_4},PbS{O_4},A{g_2}S{O_4}$ and $SrS{O_4}$.
Most silver salts are insoluble
Most sulfides of transition metals are highly insoluble including CdS, FeS, ZnS and $A{g_2}S$ .
Carbonates are frequently insoluble.
Chromates are frequently insoluble.
So, lead sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium sulphate all are insoluble in water.
Hence, Option D is correct.
Note: Solubility equilibrium is the dynamic equilibria between a precipitate and its dissolved ions when the rate of dissociation equals the rate of crystallization. Moreover, the resulting solution is a saturated solution that contains the maximum concentration of dissolved ions.
Complete step by step answer:
The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a known quantity of solvent at a certain temperature is known as solubility. Further, salt is an ionic compound that has a cation other than ${H^ + }$and an anion other than $O{H^ - }$and is further obtained along with the water in the neutralization reaction between acids and bases.
Now, let’s talk about the solubility of a salt. For example If I say that one mole of sodium sulphate dissolves in water then I really mean that for every mole of sodium sulphate that dissolves, then two moles of sodium are formed and one mole of sulfate is formed. So, now we will discuss some of the solubility rules.
Salts containing nitrate ion i.e. $(N{O_3}^ - )$ are generally soluble.
Salts containing group I elements i.e. $L{i^ + },N{a^ + },{K^ + },C{s^ + },R{b^ + }$ are soluble. Further there are few exceptions to this rule.
Most sulphates are soluble. Some of the exceptions are $CaS{O_4},BaS{O_4},PbS{O_4},A{g_2}S{O_4}$ and $SrS{O_4}$.
Most silver salts are insoluble
Most sulfides of transition metals are highly insoluble including CdS, FeS, ZnS and $A{g_2}S$ .
Carbonates are frequently insoluble.
Chromates are frequently insoluble.
So, lead sulphate, barium sulphate, calcium sulphate all are insoluble in water.
Hence, Option D is correct.
Note: Solubility equilibrium is the dynamic equilibria between a precipitate and its dissolved ions when the rate of dissociation equals the rate of crystallization. Moreover, the resulting solution is a saturated solution that contains the maximum concentration of dissolved ions.
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