Question

The reaction \[{C_6}{H_5}N{H_2} + CHC{l_3} + 3KOH \to {C_6}{H_5}NC + 3KCl + 3{H_2}O\]is known as
(A) Carbylamine reaction
(B) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(C) Kolbe reaction
(D) Hofmann's degradation

Answer 1

Hint: A primary amine, chloroform, and a base are the starting materials for the carbylamine reaction, commonly known as the Hofmann isocyanide syntheses, which creates an isocyanide. This reaction results in the electrophilic carbene intermediate dichlorocarbene, which is very highly reactive and can react with the primary amine's nitrogen atom which is nucleophilic.

Complete Step by Step Solution:
In the question, we have given the reaction: \[{C_6}{H_5}N{H_2} + CHC{l_3} + 3KOH \to {C_6}{H_5}NC + 3KCl + 3{H_2}O\]
To know the chemical reaction name of the given equation, we let’s see the given options in the question:
First, consider the option \[(A)\] Carbylamine reaction, we know that the reaction of amines is called the carbylamine reaction. Chloroform, an amine, and potassium hydroxide act as the primary reactants in these reactions. Chloroform is first dehydrohalogenated with potassium hydroxide base to produce the intermediate dichlorocarbene. This intermediate has a high level of reactivity. The electrophilic dichlorocarbene will attack the main amine's nucleophilic nitrogen. Isonitrile is produced once the hydrochloric acid has been removed.
Now, look at the option \[(B)\] Reimer-Tiemann reaction, As we know, Karl Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann are the namesakes of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction, a sort of substitution reaction. When phenols are treated with chloroform while being exposed to sodium hydroxide and hydroxybenzaldehyde is created. To achieve this, an aldehyde group is added to the benzene ring's ortho position.
Similarly, consider the option \[(C)\] Kolbe reaction, as we know that hermann kolbe and rudolf schmitt are the namesakes of the Kolbe reaction, commonly referred to as the Kolbe Schmitt Reaction. Phenoxide ions are produced when sodium hydroxide is used to treat phenol. The phenoxide ion is generated during the electrophilic aromatic substitution, the process is more reactive than a phenol. In order to replace the weak electrophile carbon dioxide then it undergoes an electrophilic substitution process. As the main by-product, ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is created.
The last option \[(D)\] , The Hofmann degradation defines the organic conversion of an amide into an amine with a fewer carbon atom. After the nitrogen is oxidized then the carbonyl and nitrogen are rearranged to produce an isocyanate intermediate. Alkyl and aryl amines are just a couple of the many compounds that can result from the process.
Therefore, the reaction \[{C_6}{H_5}N{H_2} + CHC{l_3} + 3KOH \to {C_6}{H_5}NC + 3KCl + 3{H_2}O\]is represented as Carbylamine reaction.
Thus, the correct option is: (A) Carbylamine reaction.

Note: It is important to remember that the carbylamine reaction is utilised to find primary amines. Isocyanide, a substance that is produced and has a strong odour, is the end result. This reaction is not produced by secondary or tertiary amines. The reaction is as following: \[RN{H_2} + CHC{l_3} + 3KOH \to RNC + 3KCl + 3{H_2}O\]