Question

The charges in motion constitute an electric current. However, not all moving charges constitute an electric current. An example of it is the flow of
(A) Charges which constitute lighting.
(B) Charges in a fluorescent lamp.
(C) Free electrons in a copper wire.
(D) Electron in a copper wire.

Answer 1

Hint: We know that the flow of charge in a unit of time is called electric current in a particular direction. In metals, the electron flows and this is called an electric current, also in lightning the electricity of about 5000 A to 20000 A is produced but in fluorescent lamp electricity is consumed to emit light.

Complete step by step answer:
We know that the flow of charges per unit time is called electric current usually due to a potential difference. The unit of electric current is ampere which is represented by capital A. in an electric circuit the negative charges i.e., the electron moves from negative terminal to the positive terminal whereas the positive terminal maintains current flows from positive terminal to the negative terminal.
The charges can be carried by the electron in the normal wired circuit, whereas it can be carried by ions in an electrolyte, to by both ions and electrons such as in an ionized gas which is called plasma.
We can measure the magnitude of electric current using an instrument called an ammeter.
The charges in motion constitute electric current but it also Note:d that not all moving charges constitute an electric current.
In option A we have charged with constituting lighting, we know that Lightning is an electric discharge caused by potential imbalances between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves. Objects on the ground, like trees, and the Earth itself, become positively charged—creating a significant potential gap that nature seeks to remedy by passing current between the two charges. On average lightning strikes produce 5000 A to 20000 A, many a time it is Note:d that they produce more than 20000 A. So, option A is true.
In option B we have Charged in a fluorescent lamp, we know that a fluorescent lamp is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. here, electricity is not a constituent inflow of the electron.
In option C we have free electrons in a copper wire, we know that copper metal is a good conductor of electricity, in each copper atom we have a single free electron which moves when a voltage source is connected across the piece of the copper, it pushes free electrons so that they flow through the metal which is an electric current.
In option D we have electrons in a copper wire, we know that Metals like copper have electrons that are easily moved from their orbits. If we move a magnet quickly through a coil of copper wire, the electrons will move which produces electricity. But not all electrons are involved in the electricity. Most electrons are used to hold the atoms together.

Hence all electrons of Copper are not involved in electric current which makes option D as the correct one

Additional information:
A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube filled with a mixture of argon and mercury vapor. Metal electrodes at each end are coated with an alkaline earth oxide that gives off electrons easily. When current flows through the gas between the electrodes, the gas is ionized and emits ultraviolet radiation. This emits light.

Note:
One can confuse that the free electron in metal produces the flow of charge and normal metal do not have that the free electron in metal produces the flow of charge and normal metal do not have free electron so copper metal is not the constituent of electricity but it is Note:d that in copper is metal and in metals electron which flows and produce electricity. Metals are a good conductor of electricity.