Question

By the presence of a halogen atom in the ring, basic properties of aniline is

Answer 1

Hint: In this question, the concept of electronegativity is used. The ability of an atom to draw in an electron binding pair determines its electronegativity. The Pauling scale is the most popular. The difference between an atom's potential for ionisation and its attraction to the electron determines how electronegative a material is.

Complete step by step solution:
By the presence of a halogen atom in the ring, basic properties of aniline are increased. This happens because it is more electronegative so donation of electrons will be easy, so basicity increases.
The correct answer is – the basic property of aniline increases.

Additional Information: The periodic table shows a distinct trend in the acidity of these compounds: from left to right, C to N, then O, the acidity of the elements increases. This is in line with the rising electronegativity trend along the left to right period. The relationship between electronegativity and acidity can be explained by the atom's ability to accommodate the conjugate base's negative charge more effectively, which helps stabilise the conjugate base. As a result, the acid is stronger and the conjugate base is weaker the more stable the conjugate base.

Note: Because bases give up their electrons to form new covalent bonds, they are less likely to share them if they are more attracted to them. As a result we see that electronegativity is related to basicity. The greater the electronegativity of an atom, the less it is willing to share its electrons. Electronegativity is important to consider when comparing atoms in the same row of the periodic table.