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FAQs on JEE Advanced Energetics Important Questions
1. What is Hess's law? Mention some of its applications.
In simple words, Hess's law states that the energy change in an overall chemical reaction is equal to the sum of the energy changes in the individual reactions as well. Hess’s Law is nothing but a variation of the first law of thermodynamics and conservation of energy.
Some Applications of Hess’s Law are:
Hess’s law helps calculate heat change of phase transitions.
It helps find the lattice energy of ionic compounds.
Hess’s law helps to obtain the electron affinities based on theoretical lattice energy.
It helps calculate heat change when a substance changes allotropes.
2. What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The first law of thermodynamics states that heat is a form of energy and thermodynamic processes are hence subject to the principle of conversion of energy. In very simple terms the first law of thermodynamics states that The energy of the universe remains the same throughout. it may be exchanged between systems and different surroundings but it can't be created or destroyed. This law relates to the changes in the energy states caused by work and heat transfer. A very well-known and practically implemented application of the first law of thermodynamics is the heat engine. Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical energy and the other way around. The water is converted into steam and the pressure obtained as an outcome is used to drive a pistol that converts heat energy into mechanical energy. You can check this article to know more about the first law of thermodynamics, as told by the experts at Vedantu.
3. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The first law of thermodynamics encapsulates information about the quantity of transfer of energy as a process but it fails to provide any insight about the direction of the transfer and the quality of the energy transferred. The second law of thermodynamics has two statements which are mentioned below:
The Kevin Plank Statement: The Kevin plank statement states that it is impossible for a heat engine to produce a network in a complete cycle if it exchanges heat only with bodies that are at a single fixed temperature.
Clausius’s Statement: The closest statement states that it is impossible to construct a device operating in a cycle that can transfer heat from a colder body to a warmer body without consuming any work. Both these laws are equivalent which means that an instrument agreeing with Kevin plank's statement will also agree to Clausius’s statement.
4. What does the term free energy mean?
Free energy in physics has multiple definitions. Free energy in thermodynamics refers to the amount of internal energy of a thermodynamic system that is available to work. In thermodynamics there are different forms of free energy which are mentioned below:
Gibbs Free Energy: Gibbs free energy is defined as the energy that may be converted into work in a system that is at a constant temperature and pressure.
Helmholtz Free Energy: Helmholtz free energy can be defined as the energy that may be converted into work at constant temperature and volume.
Landau Free Energy: Landau free energy can be described as the energy of an open system in which particles and energy may be exchanged with the surroundings.
5. What are an open system, a closed system, and an isolated system in thermodynamics according to Energetics Important Questions?
Some basic terminologies associated with thermodynamics are defined below:
Open System: An open system is a system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
Closed System: A closed system is a system that permits the passage of energy but not masses across all of its boundaries.
Isolated System: An isolated system is a system that can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surroundings.
A surroundings is a part of the universe other than a system with which it can interact, while a boundary is anything that separates the system from its surroundings.
We hope this article helps you understand important details about energetics topics and that you gained helpful insights about the same. What is worthy of noting is the fact that rather than just solving these questions and focusing on getting the correct answer, students must focus just as much on the technique and the method used to get to the correct answer. This is very important because taking the shortest route to the answer could be crucial in saving a lot of time and eventually boost your score. You can check more articles on Vedantu, where we have tons of study material available for free.