ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 9 - Study of Compounds: Ammonia

The formula for liquid ammonia is NH3. It is liquified ammonia and it is basic. It gets dissolved in water to produce ammonium hydroxide which gets ionised to produce hydroxyl ions.

NH3 + H2O → NH4OH

NH₄OH → NH4+ + OH-

Therefore it gets converted into red litmus blue and phenolphthalein solution pink.

It has a balanced chemical equation for lab preparation and that is

2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 → CACl2 + 2H2O +2NH3

How is Ammonia Produced?

Ammonia is usually produced in the lab by passing through a drying tower containing the lumps of quicklime that is  CaO. Ammonia cannot get collected over the water because it is not soluble in the water. The drying agent that is used is CaO and other dying agents that are used  P₂O₅ and CaCl₂ are not used because ammonia is basic and reacts with them.

Ammonia is usually prepared by the process which is known as Haber Process. The optimum temperature which is required for the reaction is 450-500 degrees Celsius and above 200 atm pressure which leads to the division of iron as the catalyst and there would be traces of  molybdenum or Al₂O₃ 

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 + heat

Dry Nitrogen 

Dry nitrogen, as well as dry hydrogen, is used in the ratio of 1:3. Hydrogen is generally produced from the water gas by the Bosch process.

The presence of high pressure leads to reaction and the formation of ammonia and the two ways or methods by which NH₃ is produced are by removing it from the unreacted N₂ and H₂ and that happens as;

a. Liquefaction that means NH₃ is easily liquefiable.

b. Absorbing in water: As ammonia is highly soluble in water and finally the rate of reaction increases because of the divided iron.

To increase the efficiency of the catalyst, molybdenum acts as a promoter.

To have more ammonia the unchanged nitrogen and hydrogen are recirculated through the plant and by the process of recirculating, there would be a yield of 98 per cent.

Ammonium compounds are highly soluble in water so they do not occur as minerals and there is no usage of ammonium nitrate in the preparation of the ammonia because it is highly explosive and it decomposes by producing nitrous oxide and water vapour.

Concentrated  H₂SO₄ is not used to dry ammonia as ammonia is basic and reacts with them.

2NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4

There is the use of calcium hydroxide in excessive amounts to mix the ammonium chloride properly. The flask is put in a slatting way because of the formation of the water and it does not trickle back into the heated flask.

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