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ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 10 - Nitric Acid

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Last updated date: 22nd Mar 2024
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Revision Notes for ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 10 - Free PDF Download

Free PDF download of Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 10 - Nitric Acid Revision Notes & Short Key-notes prepared by our expert Chemistry teachers as per ICSE guidelines. To register Chemistry Tuitions on Vedantu.com to clear your doubts. Vedantu also offers well-crafted revision notes that can help students prepare well for their exams. Nitric acid is chapter 10 in Chemistry for ICSE Class 10 where students understand the acid, its uses and more. 


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Nitric Acid

It is a colourless liquid or commercial nitric acid which is yellowish-brown in colour with a suffocating smell and acidic in taste. It is always put in the stoppered bottle because it fumes in the air and it is soluble in water in all proportions. The process of corrosion can lead to blisters on the skin. It generally reacts with the presence of protein on the skin in order to produce xanthoproteic acid which makes the colour of the skin yellow. They come down on earth in the form of acidic rain when the oxides of nitrogen dissolve in rainwater.


Uses

  • It is basically used in the manufacturing process of dyes and drugs.

  • It is also used in making explosives such as trinitrotoluene, or TNT, nitroglycerine and picric acid.

  • The salts like ammonium nitrate as well as calcium nitrate are basically used as a fertiliser.

  • Gold and silver were used to get purified with the help of this in their purification process.

  • It is used for preserving stainless steel, etching metals, and as an oxidiser in rocket fuels.

  • It is also applied as the chemical doping agent for organic semiconductors.

  • Its usage is also in the purification processes for raw carbon nanotubes.

  • It is applied to artificially aged pine and maple which produces the colour like grey-gold.

  • It also forms oxoacids, such as hypo nitrous acid, nitrous acid, per nitric acid and nitric acid.


Preparation

The method of preparing nitric acid is by heating the potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate with concentrated sulphuric acid.


KNO3+H2SO4KHSO4+HNO3


potassium nitrate sulphuric acid Nitric acid


NaNO3+H2SO4NaHSO4+HNO3


Sodium nitrate sulphuric acid Nitric acid


In a huge amount, it is prepared with the help of a process known as Ostwald’s process. The first stage is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia into nitric oxide.


4NHO3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g)+6H2O


The nitric oxide is then oxidised to nitrogen dioxide to form nitric acid.

2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2


Nitric oxide Oxygen Nitrogen dioxide

3NO2(g)+H2O(g)2HNO3(aq)+NO(g)


Nitrogen dioxide Water Nitric acid


Almost 98 per cent of the ratio of nitric acid is fuming nitric acid.

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We, at Vedantu, provide ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 10 - Nitric Acid in an easy manner. Also, these notes are in free downloadable PDF format to get a better understanding of the topic. Free ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 10 - Nitric Acid Revision Notes provided here are prepared by subject-experts at our website in accordance with the latest ICSE Class 10 Syllabus and ICSE guidelines. These notes will definitely help you to save a lot of time during your examinations.

FAQs on ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 10 - Nitric Acid

1. Describe the colour of:

  • Pure nitric acid.

  • During the preparation of nitric acid which is obtained in the lab.

  • Nitric acid during its preparation treated with water or air is blown through it. 

  • Its colour is colourless.

  • The nitric acid during its lab preparation is pale yellow in colour.

  • The presence of pale yellow colour disappears and it becomes colourless.


The natural compound is colourless, however, older samples generally tend to accumulate a yellow forged because of decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water. Most commercially to be had nitric acid has the attention of 68% in water. 


When the answer carries extra than 86% HNO3, it's far called fuming nitric acid. 


Depending on the quantity of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is similarly characterised as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86%, or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95%.

2. What is aqua regia? How does it dissolve gold?

It is a mixture of three parts of concentrated HCL and one part is of concentrated nitric acid and it is called Aqua Regia. It leads to the supply of nascent chlorine which helps in dissolving gold.


HNO3+3HClNOCl+Cl2+2H2O


Au+3ClAuCl3


Aqua regia is usually accustomed to dissolving gold and platinum. It and alternative similar mixtures are used in analytical procedures for the solution of certain iron ores, phosphate rocks, slags, nickel-chromium alloys, antimony, selenium, and a few of the less-soluble sulphides, equivalent to those of mercury, arsenic, cobalt, and lead.

3. How does the addition of nitric acid to acidified ferrous sulphate act as a test for nitric acid?

Nitric acid oxidises iron (II) sulphate to iron(III) sulphate with the production of nitric oxide gas.


FeSO4+HNO3+H2SO4Fe2[SO4]3+NO+H2O


The nitric oxide which is formed reacts with iron (II) sulphate in order to produce nitroso ferrous sulphate which would look like a brown ring at the surface of the liquid.


FeSO4+NOFe(NO)SO4


The test is used to detect the presence of nitrate ions. This is done by adding ferrous sulphate to the nitric acid solution. Nitrate salts are soluble in water and act as oxidants. This Fe + 3 reacts with sulphate ions to form Fe2[SO4]3 which is a brown solid formed.

4. What are the uses of Nitric acid?


The uses of nitric acid are as follows:

  • Apply in the manufacturing process of dyes and drugs.

  • Apply in making explosives such as trinitrotoluene, or TNT, nitroglycerine, and picric acid.

  • The salts like ammonium nitrate as well as calcium nitrate are basically used as a fertiliser.

  • Gold and silver were used to get purified with the help of this in their purification process.

  • Apply in the pickling of stainless steel, etching of metals, and as an oxidizer in rocket fuels.

5. What are the properties of Nitric acid?


The properties are as follows:

  • Colourless, fuming, and highly corrosive liquid (freezing point −42 °C [−44 °F]

  • Boiling point-83 °C [181 °F])

  • It is toxic and can lead to severe burns.

  • Nitric acid is a very strong acid; it turns bluish-purple in colour. 

  • Nitric acid decomposes to brown nitrogen dioxide when standing. This is why it turns brown over time, even though fresh nitric acid is colourless. 


4HNO34NO2+O2+H2O 


  • Nitric acid releases hydrogen gas with metals above hydrogen in the metal activity series. 


Mg+2HNO3MH(NO3)2+H2 


Mn+2HNO3Mn(NO3)2+H2