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ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds: Hydrogen Chloride

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Last updated date: 15th Mar 2024
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Revision Notes for ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 8 - Free PDF Download

Free PDF download of Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds: Hydrogen Chloride Revision Notes & Short Key-notes prepared by our expert Chemistry teachers as per ICSE guidelines. To register Chemistry Tuitions on Vedantu.com to clear your doubts.

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Hydrogen Chloride:

The existence of hydrogen chloride at room temperature is either colourless or slightly yellow gas. As compared to air it is much heavier and has got a strong pungent odour. It gets dissolved in the water to form Hydrochloric acid.


Hydrogen chloride is used for many purposes like cleaning, pickling, and electroplating metals, refining soap, for making fertilizer, vinyl chloride, artificial silk, dyes, pigment for paint, and tanning leather. It is also utilised in the photographic, textile, clothes, and rubber industries. It is used as an ingredient in some cleaning products. They are also added in the form of hydrochloric acid to water supplies or swimming pools to change their pH level and to prevent them from forming. Its usage in the swimming pool is tightly controlled and due to the acid being neutralised, does not lead to health hazards.


It is formed by the activities of the human in the environment such as it produces from the coal-burning power stations and incinerators. Hydrogen chloride produces from the burning of fossil fuels although there is less usage of these fuels and is a minor source of hydrogen chloride emissions in the future. The burning of plastics and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leads to the formation of Hydrogen chloride. Volcanoes also lead to the formation of hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride which produces in an environment like air or water leads to the formation of hydrochloric acid.


A lot of naturally producing hydrogen chloride is removed by water through rain which helps in reducing its level in the air. Humans can be exposed to it when they use cleaning products and exposure to it could be very low if the product is used carefully.s hydrogen chloride is being used in several industries and that can lead to occupational exposure. Exposure mainly happens because of malfunction and accidental releases. However, safety tips are taken to protect employees from the harmful effects of it.


Harmful Impact

Generally, the most common way to get exposed to it is by breathing it, drinking it or by skin or eye contact. The impact on your health depends on many factors like the amount to which you are exposed, the way you are exposed, its duration, the form of the chemical and if you are exposed to other chemicals present there. Sometimes breathing can irritate the nose and the throat, cough as well as problems in breathing. Other problems could be headaches, fever, an increase in heart rate, and confusion. In severe cases, there would be damage to airways and it is known as pulmonary oedema where fluids start developing in the lungs and could have a lasting impact on lungs and airways.


In terms of skin hydrochloric acid forms in case of sweating combined with hydrogen chloride gas and that leads to irritation and could be corrosive. Strong solutions can burn or damage our eyes, or can cause skin burn because they are highly corrosive. If you drink hydrochloric acid then it could burn your mouth, throat as well as stomach.

Hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid can cause cancer in humans if you get exposed to it.


For pregnant women, there is no evidence of its impact on them. The impact on the unborn children mostly happens to mothers instead of the unborn children.

Children do get impacted in the same way as adults.


Prevention

  • The products related to hydrochloric acid should be kept in a safe place.

  • It should not be kept or stored near asthmatic patients

  • In case if you get exposed to it then immediately remove yourself from getting exposed.

  • If you have got a reaction on the skin then remove solid clothing and not over the head and wash the area which has been exposed to it with lukewarm water and soap at least for 10-15 minutes and seek medical help.

FAQs on ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds: Hydrogen Chloride

1. When moist chlorine reacts with the hydrogen sulphide then there is a formation of two products:

  • In air which gas gets fumed

  • A yellow solid 

Hydrogen Chloride Gas

The appearance of hydrogen chloride is colourless to pale yellow. This element is a corrosive and non-flammable gas that is heavier than air and has a strong irritating smell. In the air,  hydrogen chloride forms and it is a dense, white, corrosive vapour. 


Sulphur

Sulphur is a chemical element and has the symbol of S. The sulphur has an atomic number 16. It is abundant, polyvalent, and non-metallic. It forms cyclic octatomic molecules with the chemical formula S8.  and it appears like a light yellow crystalline solid at room temperature.

2. What are the main uses of hydrochloric acid?

There Are Many Important Uses of Hydrochloric Acid Which has Been Explained Below:

  • It is used in manufacturing silver chloride so that it can be used in photography.

  • It is used in preparing dyes, drugs, and paints.

  • It is used for cleaning purposes before painting, electroplating, galvanizing, etc.

  • It helps in the pH of pharmaceutical products.

  • It is also used for food and drinking water purposes.

  • It is also used for neutralizing waste streams which consist of alkaline substances.

3. There is a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium chloride that does not get heated above the temperature of 170 degrees Celsius while preparing hydrogen chloride. Why?

The main reason why the mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium chloride does not get heated while preparing hydrogen chloride is that the presence of a mixture of sodium chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid does not get heated above the temperature of 170 degrees Celsius because at the higher temperature there would be the chances of the formation of sodium sulfate and which could be is hard and problematic to remove from the reaction flask.

2NaCl + H2SO4- Na2SO4 + 2HCl

4. Hydrogen Chloride does not get collected over water and why?

HCl  (Hydrogen chloride) when added to water (H2O) then it gets covered by the polar H2O molecules and due to the interaction that takes place, H bonded with Cl (H-Cl) dissociates to form H+ and Cl- ions and this is what happens after that it gets dissolved in water (H2O) reason behind not getting accumulated of hydrogen chloride over the surface of the water is that it is not soluble in water. This has been explained properly on the official website of Vedantu.

5. What is the reason that dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated by distilling the dilute acid?

The Reason That Dilutes Hydrochloric Acid Cannot Be Concentrated By Distilling  Dilute Acid is Given Below: 

Dilute hydrochloric acid is distilled, a constant-boiling mixture of 20 to 24 percent distilled hydrochloric acid with no changes at a pressure of 760 mm Hg, and this constant boiling helps ensure that it does not separate into its components just by distillation. 


Dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 22.2% (weight) by distillation, since this mixture (77.8% water + 22.2% HCl) is an azeotropic mixture which, at a constant temperature of 110 ° C, without change in concentration boils