Which Is the Oldest University in the World Still Operating Today?
For many Indian students, studying at a historic university abroad can open doors to world-class education, global networks, and a rich legacy. Understanding the origins of universities helps you appreciate the academic traditions still shaping education worldwide. Here’s a comprehensive, updated guide on the first university in the world and how its legacy shapes study abroad opportunities in 2025.
Which Is the First University in the World? Top Facts for 2025
| University | Country | Founded | Founder | Notable Fact |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of al-Qarawiyyin | Morocco | 859 AD | Fatima al-Fihri | Recognized by UNESCO as the world’s oldest continually operating university |
The world’s first university is widely accepted as the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, established in 859 AD by Fatima al-Fihri. It is officially recognized by UNESCO and the Guinness World Records as the oldest existing, continually operating degree-awarding university in the world for the year 2025.
Debunking Myths: Nalanda, Al-Azhar and Ancient Learning Centers
Many Indian students are surprised to learn that while Nalanda University (India, 5th Century CE) and Al-Azhar University (Egypt, 970 AD) are among the world’s oldest centers of higher learning, only al-Qarawiyyin meets the UNESCO definition of a university. Nalanda thrived as a Buddhist monastic university but did not continuously operate into the modern era.
Other ancient institutions like University of Bologna (Italy) and Oxford (UK) are also centuries old and remain highly ranked options for 2025 intakes, but were founded after al-Qarawiyyin.
Top 10 Oldest Universities Still Operating Globally
| Rank | University | Country | Year Founded | International Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of al-Qarawiyyin | Morocco | 859 AD | UNESCO Recognized |
| 2 | University of Bologna | Italy | 1088 AD | QS Top 200 |
| 3 | University of Oxford | UK | 1096 AD | QS Top 5 |
| 4 | University of Salamanca | Spain | 1134 AD | QS Top 600 |
| 5 | University of Paris (Sorbonne) | France | 1160–1250 AD | QS Top 100 |
| 6 | University of Cambridge | UK | 1209 AD | QS Top 5 |
| 7 | University of Padua | Italy | 1222 AD | QS Top 250 |
| 8 | University of Naples Federico II | Italy | 1224 AD | QS Top 400 |
| 9 | University of Siena | Italy | 1240 AD | QS Top 700 |
| 10 | University of Coimbra | Portugal | 1290 AD | UNESCO Heritage |
Applying to these universities gives Indian students access to historic campuses with modern research, international student diversity, and robust alumni networks. Many are part of global rankings, ensuring high academic value and recognition.
Eligibility & Entrance Exams: 2025 Requirements for Indian Students
- Academic Transcripts (10+2, UG/PG as per course level)
- English proficiency: IELTS/TOEFL/PTE or equivalent scores
- Standardized tests: SAT/ACT/GMAT/GRE (varies by level, course, country)
- Statement of Purpose (SOP) and Letters of Recommendation (LORs)
- Application Deadlines: Vary by university; most open Fall 2025 intake from Sep–Dec 2024
To know more about exam patterns and syllabus, check out the IELTS Exam and GRE Syllabus guides.
Fees & Scholarships for Indian Students in 2025
Tuition fees at the oldest universities can range from low-cost to premium, especially across Europe and Asia. Many offer special scholarships and fee waivers for international students, including those from India.
| University | Approx. Tuition (per year) | Scholarships |
|---|---|---|
| University of al-Qarawiyyin | Low/Varies (State-funded for local students; scholarships for international) | Merit & Specific Country-based awards |
| University of Bologna | €2,000–€4,000 | Unibo Action 1&2, Italian Govt |
| University of Oxford | £28,000–£44,000 | Rhodes, Clarendon, Felix Scholarships |
| Nalanda University | INR 30,000–INR 2 lakh | Govt of India, International Scholarships |
Learn more about options at scholarships for international students and tips to estimate living expenses abroad.
Visa Guidance & Post-Study Opportunities in Historic Countries (2025)
- UK, Germany, France, Italy – Offer post-study work visas (2–4 years) for international graduates
- Morocco – Student visa, part-time work permitted, internships with university help
- Portugal, Spain – Extended residence options for skilled graduates
Visa process may include the Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS), biometric appointments, and health insurance. Learn more about UK student visa procedures and general IELTS requirements for visa approval.
Student Life & Career Impact: Alumni Outcomes at Oldest Universities
- Access to historic libraries, multidisciplinary research, and international faculty
- Diverse part-time work opportunities and internships for career exposure
- High employability—alumni go on to excel in government, academia, industry, and entrepreneurship
- Special mentorship schemes for women and underrepresented backgrounds
Ancient universities often foster close-knit communities with strong alumni networks worldwide, boosting graduate placements and lifelong career support. Explore global university rankings to shortlist your options for 2025 admission.
Deciding to pursue your higher education at the world’s oldest universities not only enriches your academic profile but also connects you to centuries of tradition, diverse campus life, and exceptional global career opportunities. Start early, focus on eligibility and exam prep, and aim for a university that matches your ambitions and values.
FAQs on The First University in the World: Origins, Founders, and Impact
1. Where was the first university in the world?
The first university in the world was established in Fes, Morocco. It is known as the University of al-Qarawiyyin, and it has operated continuously since 859 CE, making it widely recognized as the oldest existing and continually operating educational institution in the world.
2. Who made the first university in the world?
The University of al-Qarawiyyin was founded by a woman named Fatima al-Fihri in 859 CE. Fatima al-Fihri was a philanthropist who used her inheritance to establish this institution, contributing significantly to global education and culture.
3. What is the oldest ancient university in the world?
The oldest ancient university in the world is the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco, established in 859 CE. It is recognized by UNESCO and the Guinness World Records as the oldest continuously operating degree-granting university in the world.
4. What is the top 1st university in the world?
According to most recent global university rankings like QS World University Rankings and THE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States is currently ranked as the number one university in the world. Rankings may change annually based on various factors such as research, teaching, and international outlook.
5. The first university in the world founded by a woman – who was she?
The first university founded by a woman is the University of al-Qarawiyyin, established by Fatima al-Fihri in 859 CE in Fes, Morocco. She is celebrated as a pioneering leader in the history of world education.
6. Is Nalanda the oldest university in the world?
Nalanda University in India is one of the world's most ancient learning centers, founded in the 5th century CE. However, University of al-Qarawiyyin is widely recognized as the oldest continually operating university. Nalanda was a famed seat of learning in ancient India but ceased operation for centuries, whereas al-Qarawiyyin remains active.
7. What was special about the first university in the world?
The first university in the world, al-Qarawiyyin, is special because:
- It has been continuously operating since 859 CE
- It was founded by a woman, Fatima al-Fihri
- It introduced innovations such as degrees and academic disciplines that influenced later universities in Europe and Asia
- It offered a vast range of subjects including theology, science, mathematics, and grammar
8. Which is the oldest university in Europe?
The University of Bologna in Italy, founded in 1088 CE, is the oldest university in Europe that has been continually operating. It played a significant role in shaping the European model of higher education.
9. What are the top 10 oldest universities in the world?
The top 10 oldest universities in continuous operation are:
1. University of al-Qarawiyyin (Morocco, 859 CE)
2. Al-Azhar University (Egypt, 970 CE)
3. University of Bologna (Italy, 1088 CE)
4. University of Oxford (UK, c. 1096 CE)
5. University of Paris (France, 1160–1250 CE)
6. University of Salamanca (Spain, 1134 CE)
7. University of Cambridge (UK, 1209 CE)
8. University of Padua (Italy, 1222 CE)
9. University of Naples Federico II (Italy, 1224 CE)
10. University of Siena (Italy, 1240 CE)
10. Which is the oldest university in Asia?
Nalanda University (India), founded in the 5th century CE, is one of Asia's oldest universities. Its academic excellence, large campus, and international student community made it one of the most prominent ancient seats of learning in Asia.
11. What is the oldest university in the US?
Harvard University, established in 1636 in Massachusetts, is the oldest higher education institution in the United States. It is still operational and ranks among the world's leading universities.
12. What are the key differences between ancient universities like Nalanda and modern universities?
Ancient universities like Nalanda focused on philosophy, religion, and classical sciences, and were often residential communities. Modern universities have structured degree programs, diverse fields, accreditation, and global student communities, with advanced research facilities and integration of modern technology.
