Understanding Elementary Shapes Class 6 Notes CBSE Maths Chapter 5 (Free PDF Download)

Measurement of Line Segment:

• A line segment is defined as a segment of a line that is fixed in place. This enables the measurement of a line segment.

• The length of a line segment is the distance between its endpoints.

• When comparing the lengths of line segments, a graduated ruler and a divider are used. These methods give accurate length distances.

• Also, we can compare the two line segments by observation or with the help of trace paper. But, both the methods have very little accuracy and we can’t trace the lengths every time.

Angles – ‘Right’ and ‘Straight’:

• An example of an angle is when the hand of a clock shifts from one location to another.

• A right angle is used to turn from north to east.

• A full turn is made by turning in the same direction by two straight angles (or four right angles).

• The angle for one revolution is called a complete angle.

• One revolution's angle is a full angle.

• A protractor is used to calculate the size of an angle in degrees.

• A $\dfrac{1}{4}$ revolution is a right angle, whereas a $\dfrac{1}{2}$ revolution is a straight angle.

(a)

(b)

(c)

• From above, 

Clock $1$ represents $\dfrac{1}{2}$ of revolution or $2$ right angles.

Clock $2$ represents $\dfrac{1}{4}$ of revolution or $1$ right angles, and

Clock $3$ represents $\dfrac{3}{4}$ of revolution or $3$ right angles.

• A right angle is $\dfrac{1}{4}$ a revolution and a straight angle is $\dfrac{1}{2}$ a revolution.

• Protractor is an instrument used to measure the size of an angle in degrees.

• The measure of a right angle is ${{90}^{0}}$ and hence that of a straight angle is ${{180}^{0}}$.

• An angle is said to be acute if its measure is less than that of a right angle and is said to be obtuse if its measure is more than that of a right angle but is less than a straight angle.

• Sea-saw, rooftop, opening book, etc. are examples of an acute angle.

• House, desk for book reading, etc. are examples of an obtuse angle.

• A reflex angle is larger than a straight angle.

• Two intersecting lines are perpendicular if the angle between them is ${{90}^{0}}$.

• The perpendicular bisector of a line segment is perpendicular to the line segment that divides it into two equal parts.
  
  

Triangles Can Be Classified As Follows Based on Their Angles:

Angles – ‘Acute’, ‘Obtuse’ and ‘Reflex’:

• An acute angle is an angle smaller than a right angle.

• An obtuse angle is one that is greater than a right angle but smaller than a straight one.

• A reflex angle is more than twice as large as a straight angle.
  
  

Triangles can be classified as follows based on the lengths of their sides:

Polygons are named based on their sides: 

Quadrilaterals are further classified with reference to their properties:

Faces, Edges, and vertices:

We see around us many three-dimensional shapes. Cubes, cuboids, spheres,

Cylinders, cones, prisms, and pyramids are some of them.

• Each side of the cube is a flat surface called a flat face (or simply a face). 

• Two faces meet at a line segment called an edge. 

• Three edges meet at a point called a vertex.

Prism:

• The triangular prism has a triangular base, whereas the rectangular prism has a rectangular base.
  
  

Understanding Elementary Shapes Notes - Free Download

Our experts at Vedantu had put an extensive effort to formulate Class 6 Maths Chapter 5 notes in a short and precise manner. The students can effectively use the Class 6 Maths Chapter 5 Notes to have a quick revision of the topic just before the examination.

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Understanding Elementary Shapes Introduction

We can see many different shapes around us that are drawn using curves or lines. We can see open curves, close curves, edges, corners in our surroundings. We use them to form angles, circles, triangles, line segments, and polygons of different sizes and measurements. In this chapter, we will learn how geometrical shapes such as triangles, circles, polygons, etc of different sizes and measurements are constructed using a ruler or divider.

The chapter Understanding Elementary Shapes is divided into 10 sections and 9 exercises.

• The first section is the basic introduction to Understanding elementary shapes having examples from the surroundings that are formed using curves or lines.

• The second section introduces the methods of comparing two or more than two line segments of different lengths.

• The third section introduces the concept of right angle and straight angles by directions.

• The fourth section introduces different angles such as acute angle, obtuse angle, right angle, straight angle, and reflex angle.

• The fifth section discusses how to measure different angles using the protractor and ruler.

• The sixth section discusses perpendicular lines and their constructions.

• This seventh section introduces different types of a triangle like a scalene triangle, an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle, an acute angle triangle, an obtuse angle triangle, and a right-angled triangle.

• The eight sections introduce different types of quadrilaterals such as rectangle, square, parallelogram, rhombus, and trapezium.

• The ninth section introduces a classification of polygons on the basis of their sizes and vertices.

• The tenth section introduces three-dimensional shapes such as cone, cube, cylinder, pyramid, and sphere. This section also discusses the number of faces, edges, and vertices in different three-dimensional shapes.
  
  

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