Question

Which Chloride is least reactive with the hydrolysis point of view
A \[\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{3}}\text{Cl}\]
B \[\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{Cl}\]
C \[{{\left( \text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}} \right)}_{\text{3}}}\text{CCl}\]
D \[\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{= CH - Cl}\]

Answer 1

Hint: Any chemical reaction in which a water molecule breaks one or more chemical bonds is known as hydrolysis. When water is the nucleophile, the phrase is used generically to refer to substitution, elimination, and solvation processes.
The cleavage of biomolecules known as biological hydrolysis occurs when a water molecule is consumed in order to cause the division of a bigger molecule into its component parts.

Complete step-by-step answer:The anion (negatively charged ion) called $\text{C}{{\text{l}}^{\text{-}}}$ is the chloride ion. It is created when a molecule like hydrogen chloride dissolves in water or other polar solvents, or when the halogen element chlorine obtains an electron. Sodium chloride and other chloride salts are frequently very soluble in water. It is a crucial electrolyte that is present in all bodily fluids and is in charge of maintaining the proper acid-base balance, delivering nerve signals, and controlling the flow of fluid into and out of cells. Less frequently, the word chloride may also be included in chemical compounds' "common" names. These compounds have one or more chlorine atoms bound together covalently.

In terms of hydrolysis, \[\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{= CH - Cl}\] is the chloride that is least reactive.

Carbocation ions are first formed as an intermediate during the hydrolysis of chloride.
The tendency of the chloride to hydrolyze will increase with the stability of the intermediate produced.

The least stable of the four is the vinyl carbocation, which is created during the hydrolysis of the intermediate \[\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{= CH - Cl}\]. Therefore, hydrolysis will be least reactive to \[\text{C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{= CH - Cl}\].

Option ‘D’ is correct

Note: The stability of carbocation increases with increase in number of electron donating groups such as alkyl groups, whereas stability of carbocation decreases with increase in electron withdrawing groups around positively charged carbon atom.