Question

The process by which the vegetable ghee can be made from the cooking oil is called as :
A. Hydrogenation
B. Distillation
C. Crystallization
D. Oxidation

Answer 1

Hint: Vegetable ghee is an unsaturated fatty acid or oil. And cooking oil are saturated fatty acids or oils. Fatty acids are basically a carboxylic acid of a hydrocarbon. This type of hydrocarbons are with very high carbon numbers. Fatty acids are units of fat or oil.

Complete step by step solution:
\[{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C = C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}} \to {{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}}\]
The above reaction is a simple hydrogenation reaction.
Now, the vegetable ghee can be made from the cooking oil by hydrogenation.
Hydrogenation reaction of unsaturated fatty acids is basically the reaction where the hydrogen gets added in the double bond of the alkene or alkyne in presence of nickel. Nickel acts like a catalyst in solid state. That is why this catalysis is also known as heterogeneous catalyst.

So, the correct option is A.

Note:
The hydrocarbon of fatty acids has two parts , one is the polar part and other one is the nonpolar part. The polar part is basically hydrophilic .i.e. that part has affection towards water or it can be said that it is soluble in water. But the other part is hydrophobic .i.e. that part repels water or it can be said that it does not soluble in water.
In these two parts one part which is polar is called polar head. And the part which is non polar is called tail. Also, the nonpolar part is a large chain of carbon like tail
The structure of the fatty acid shown below.