Question

In the following molecule, the two carbon atoms marked by asterisk (*) possess the following type of hybridized orbitals \[C{H_3} - C* \equiv C* - C{H_3}\].
(a) \[s{p^3}\]orbital
(b) \[s{p^2}\]orbital
(c) \[sp\]orbital
(d) \[s\]orbital

Answer 1

Hint: Hybridization is a process that involves the intermixing of atomic orbitals i.e., \[s,p,\]and \[d\]orbitals of compatible energies. During the hybridization, new orbitals are formed which are known as hybrid orbitals. Both half-and full-filled orbitals can participate in hybridization.

Complete step by step solution:The hybridized molecule has a different size, shapes, and energy from the unhybridized atomic orbitals.
The process of hybridization is believed to be the extension of the valence bond theory (VBT).
By employing the concept of hybridization, we can easily predict the geometry of the molecules.
During the hybridization, the atomic orbitals overlap in the proper orientation.
For the determination of the hybridization of any given molecule we can use the following equation:
\[Hybridization(H) = \frac{{V + M - C + A}}{2}\] (Eq.1)
Whereas V=number of valence electrons on the central atom
M= a number of monovalent atoms
C= charge on the cation
A=charge on anion
Now using above equation will be used to explore the hybridization of the given molecules i.e., for \[C{H_3} - C* \equiv C* - C{H_3}\].
The structure of \[C{H_3} - C* \equiv C* - C{H_3}\]the carbon atoms which are marked by asterisk (*) possess the same structure.
Therefore, by using equation 1 we can predict the correct hybridization.
 \[Hybridization(H) = \frac{{4 + 0 - 0 + 0}}{2} = 2\]
The value of 2 will be equal to \[s{p^{}}\] hybridization. Therefore, we can easily say that the carbon atom in \[C{H_3} - C* \equiv C* - C{H_3}\]have the same hybridization i.e., \[s{p^{}}\] hybridization.

Therefore from the above explanation we can say option (c) will be the correct option:

Note: The geometry and the shape of a given molecule can be best described by two theories.
(1) By hybridization: Give the information about the geometry of the molecule.
(2) By VSEPR theory: Give the information about the shape of the molecule based on lone pair and bond pair repulsion.