Fibre to Fabric Class 6 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 3 (Free PDF Download)

Fibre: Fibre is a very fine thread-like filament. 

Fabric: It is woven cloth from fabric.

Fibres: Fibres are classified into two on basis of its source:

(a) Natural Fibres: They are obtained from plants and animals. For example, Jute, cotton, wool, and silk.

(b) Synthetic Fibres: They are made from chemical substances. Synthetic fibres are therefore called manmade fibres or artificial fibres. For example, nylon, rayon, polyester, etc.

Fibres and Their Plant Sources:

1. Cotton: Obtained from the cotton plant. Cotton is sown in black soil and in a warm climate.

2. Jute: Source of jute is the stem of the jute plant.

3. Hemp: Obtained from the drug plant.

4. Flax: Obtained from linseed plant and is used for weaving linen.

5. Ramie: This fibre is used for making sails for boats and parachutes.

6. Coir: This fibre is obtained from the coconut palm.

How is Cotton Fibre Processed?

1. Ginning: Removal of seeds from fibre.

2. Carding: Cleaning and separation of fibres which are stuck together.

3. Drawing: In the drawing, the fibre is stretched also known as fluffy.

4. Spinning: Drawing yarn thread from cotton fibre.

5. Weaving: Making cloth from the yarn.

How is Jute Processed?

1. Retting of the Plant: After harvesting the stalks of the jute plants, they are soaked for about 10 to 15 days and sometimes more. Retting softens the stem tissues other than fibres.

2. Stripping: The stalks are stripped to bring the fibres out with hands.

3. Washing and Drying: The stripped fibres are washed out and dried in the Sun.

Fibres Obtained from Animal Sources:

Silk: Sericulture is the process of breeding and raising silkworms to obtain silk.

Wool: Yarn is obtained from the fleece of the sheep and turned into fibre.

Obtaining Wool Fibre: 

The process by which the fleece of the sheep is removed along with a very thin layer of skin is called shearing.

Processing of Wool Fibre:

(i) Scouring: Sheared hair from sheep is cleaned and now washed in tanks to remove grease, dust, and dirt.

(ii) Sorting: Cleaned hairs are taken to a factory where this hair of different quality is also separated.

(iii) The hair separated in the sorting process is sent into a ‘Carding’ machine where these loose wool fibres are combed into a sheet and then twisted into a rope or silver.

(iv) This silver is then twisted and stretched into a yarn.

(v) The yarn is now wound to form big balls of wool.

Making of Fabric from Yarn: 

It is mainly done by various processes:

(a) Weaving: The process in which two sets of yarns are arranged together to form a fabric in looms. Weaving involves the placing of two sets of threads or yarn made of fibre, called the warp. The warps are drawn tight in parallel order, with the weft being placed at right angles to the warps.

(b) Knitting: The process to make fabric by single yarn. It can be done by hand or by machines.

6th Class Science

Science is one of the most important subjects in every other branch of modern life. Whether it is the noise of a machine, noise during construction, the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the games we play and enjoy, or the house in which we all live, requires the knowledge of Science in one way or the other. We can see the effect of Science on every domain of our life.

Science is one of the most important subjects for those students who wish to pursue their careers in the engineering field, medical field, and technology-related field. CBSE Class 6 Science teaches students about the basics which have a wide range of applications in their higher studies.

NCERT Solution Class 6 Science includes important questions from the exam point of view, a few objective questions, and Solutions to all the questions available in the Class 6 Science textbooks. This material is available in PDF format for free. 

Chapters that are covered in Class 6th Science 

• Chapter 1 - Food: Where Does It Come From Notes

• Chapter 2 - Components of Food Notes

• Chapter 3 - Fibre to Fabric Notes

• Chapter 4 - Sorting Materials into Groups Notes

• Chapter 5 - Separation of Substances Notes

• Chapter 6 - Changes around Us Notes

• Chapter 7 - Getting to Know Plants Notes

• Chapter 8 - Body Movements Notes

• Chapter 9 - The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Notes

• Chapter 10 - Motion and Measurement of Distances Notes

• Chapter 11 - Light, Shadows and Reflections Notes

• Chapter 12 - Electricity and Circuits Notes

• Chapter 13 - Fun with Magnets Notes

• Chapter 14 - Water Notes

• Chapter 15 - Air Around Us Notes

• Chapter 16 - Garbage In, Garbage Out Notes

What is Food?

Food can be described as any substance that all living organisms eat and get energy. Our body needs the energy to perform several fundamental activities including growth and repair. There are different varieties of food available and it consists of bread, milk, rice, pulses, vegetables, eggs, fruits, chicken, fish, etc. These concepts are explained in detail in NCERT Science Class 6 Solutions. 

Components of Food

There are different varieties of food and all these foods are made up of different ingredients, called the components. There are five main components of food that are essential for the proper functioning of our body cells and tissues. These components are called the Nutrients. 

Fibres and Fabrics

Fibre is a kind of material which is available in the form of continuous, thin, and flexible strands spun into yarn and made into fabrics.

Fabrics are described as cloth materials made by unifying or of threads together weaving. 

Materials

The things which we all use in our daily life are made up of different types of materials. These kinds of materials have shape and mass and are classified on the basis of many bases, including their properties of materials, physical states, etc. 

Mixture

A mixture can be described as a substance made by the combination of two or more substances. Air, saltwater, and smog are common examples of a mixture. 

Pure Substance

Pure Substance is described as the material in which each and every particle are unique and the same. Distilled water will be the best example of a pure substance. 

Changes

We come across different types of changes every day. Turning night into day, day into night, rising and setting of the sun and moon, changes in climate, melting of ice, and a lot more. These changes occur in a minute or take a long time as well. Few changes are not even noticeable. 

Structure of a Plant

The structure of a classic plant is divided into two major parts – The root system and the shoot system.

• Root System – This is below the ground level. It includes roots.

• Shoot System – This is above the ground level. It includes roots, stems, branches, leaves, flowers, buds, and fruits.

Body Movements

A movement is defined as a change in the position of a body. Many movements take place in our body and in other organisms to move from one place to another. The term locomotion is mainly used to describe the change of position of the whole organism. Movement of our eyelids, rotating our necks, nodding heads, and moving the jaw muscles are examples of different movements in the human body.

Types of Joints

There are two main types of joints:

• Immovable joints

• Moveable joints

The different types of movable joints in our body include:

• Pivot Joints

• Hinge joints

• Gliding joints

• Ball and socket joint

What are Living Organisms?

An organism which consists of life and has certain specific features and habits is called Living Organisms. All living organisms eat, respire, grow, move, reproduce, excrete, and respond. Human beings, plants, microbes, animals, birds, and insects are all examples of Living things or Organisms. 

What is Motion?

The word motion can be simply defined as the process of movement, or an object changing its place or position. Running, walking, throwing, Jumping, and bouncing are all examples of motion. 

Light

Light can be described as a form of energy which helps us in seeing objects. Thus, when the light rays fall on any object, some of the rays are reflected in your eyes and it makes us see the objects. Based on the emission of light, objects are divided into luminous and non-luminous objects.

Luminous Object: The characters that make light are called luminous objects. The Sun, bulb, tube light, and torch-lit candles are the best examples of luminous objects.

Non-luminous Object: The objects which do not produce light are called non-luminous objects. Moon is an example of a non-luminous object. 

Electric Cell

The device that is used to generate an electric current through a series of chemical reactions is known as an Electric cell.

Magnet

Things which attract magnetic materials like cobalt, iron, and nickel are called magnets.

Magnet was initially discovered by an ancient Greek shepherd named Magnes. Thus, this naturally occurring mineral – magnet was named by the discovery's name. The magnets are obtained naturally from a Magnetite rock, which is known as the natural magnets and those magnets prepared by this combination of certain mineral ores are called the artificial magnets. 

Water

Water can easily be defined as the natural, precious, and essential requirement of life. Water is found abundantly on the planet earth. About two-thirds of the total surface of the earth is covered with water.

Air

Air is present all around us. We can understand the presence of air but cannot see the air around us. Air is a mixture of gases. The various components of air, which includes – 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and about 1% water vapour. Air plays a vital role in breathing and burning. The existence of life on the planet earth is majorly because of the presence of air.

What is Garbage?

All the waste products and other household waste produced on a daily basis are termed as garbage. The different wastes of garbage contain peels of vegetables and fruits, leftover cooked food products, waste paper, and plastic materials, and many other waste items.

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Summary

Fibres are basically thin strands of thread. These are woven for the creation of fabric. For instance, cotton fabric is made from cotton fibre, silk fabric is made from silk fibre, and so on. This fabric is then stitched together to make clothes. For instance, the cotton fabric can be stitched or woven into a cotton top or a cotton shirt. The two major processes of making fabric from fibre are weaving and knitting.

Conclusion

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