Answer
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Hint: Generally carbon has valency four. So, it is good to make covalent bonds. Diamond has only carbon in it.
Complete step by step solution:
-Diamond is a solid form of carbon. It is an allotrope of carbon. It has a crystal structure called diamond cubic.
-The carbon in diamond is \[s{{p}^{3}}\]hybridised. That is, all the four valence electrons are involved in covalent bond formation with other carbon atoms. It has a tetrahedral structure. This makes it very strong.
Therefore, the correct answer for the question is option (a).
Additional Information:
- Arrangement of atoms is very rigid; because of this any little impurity present can contaminate it and can cause small variation in its properties.
- Synthetic diamonds are grown from high purity carbon under high pressure and temperature of hydrocarbons gas.
- Crystal structure of diamond is called diamond cubic. Its unit cells are stacked together.
- A diamond cubic lattice consists of two interpenetrating face-centered cubic lattices.
- Due to its hardness, it has wide industrial applications. It is used for cutting and polishing tools.
- It is also a gemstone. Pure diamond does not conduct electricity. These are excellent insulators. But a blue diamond (diamond with certain impurity) is a semiconductor.
- Diamond is lipophilic and hydrophobic in nature. The surface of it is partially oxidised.
- At room temperature, diamonds do not react with any chemical reagents such as strong acids and bases. But by igniting diamond at a very high temperature in the presence of oxygen, it combusts to carbon dioxide and water.
Note: Covalent bonds are actually weaker than ionic bonds. Still diamond which has only covalent bonds between its carbon atoms is the hardest substance. This is because of its tetrahedral structure.
Complete step by step solution:
-Diamond is a solid form of carbon. It is an allotrope of carbon. It has a crystal structure called diamond cubic.
-The carbon in diamond is \[s{{p}^{3}}\]hybridised. That is, all the four valence electrons are involved in covalent bond formation with other carbon atoms. It has a tetrahedral structure. This makes it very strong.
Therefore, the correct answer for the question is option (a).
Additional Information:
- Arrangement of atoms is very rigid; because of this any little impurity present can contaminate it and can cause small variation in its properties.
- Synthetic diamonds are grown from high purity carbon under high pressure and temperature of hydrocarbons gas.
- Crystal structure of diamond is called diamond cubic. Its unit cells are stacked together.
- A diamond cubic lattice consists of two interpenetrating face-centered cubic lattices.
- Due to its hardness, it has wide industrial applications. It is used for cutting and polishing tools.
- It is also a gemstone. Pure diamond does not conduct electricity. These are excellent insulators. But a blue diamond (diamond with certain impurity) is a semiconductor.
- Diamond is lipophilic and hydrophobic in nature. The surface of it is partially oxidised.
- At room temperature, diamonds do not react with any chemical reagents such as strong acids and bases. But by igniting diamond at a very high temperature in the presence of oxygen, it combusts to carbon dioxide and water.
Note: Covalent bonds are actually weaker than ionic bonds. Still diamond which has only covalent bonds between its carbon atoms is the hardest substance. This is because of its tetrahedral structure.
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