Difference Between Line Voltage and Phase Voltage:
The line voltage is defined as the potential difference between two phases in a three-phase system or polyphase system. It is denoted by VL volts. The Phase voltage is the potential difference between one phase to the neutral point in any three-phase system or poly-phase systems and it is denoted by V\[_{ph}\] in volts. The line voltage and the phase voltages are directly proportional to each other.
Relation Between Line Voltage and Phase Voltage in Star Connection
The star connection is a Three Phase Four Wire system. The star connection is a type of electrical circuit where similar ends of the three windings are connected to a common point called neutral point or the star point. The star connection is the most preferred circuit system for AC power distribution and it is also known as the Y-system.
Circuit Diagram
A star connection circuit is drawn as shown below. R, Y, and B are the three phases and N is the neutral point or the star point. IR ,IB, and IY are the line currents in the lines R, B, and Y respectively.
The line voltage and phase voltage in star connection is defined as,
Line voltage: The potential difference or the voltage between two lines of the circuit. Here the line voltages are. VRY , VYB , VBR
Phase voltage: The potential difference or the voltage between a line and the neutral point, from the circuit diagram the phase voltages are VRN , VYN , VBN
The line voltage and phase voltage relation in a star connection is calculated by considering the following points:
A balanced symmetrical load is applied across the three-phase voltage system in such a way that current flowing through the three lines will be the same but there will be a phase difference of 120⁰(out of phase).
The vector sum of all currents in the circuit must be zero.
Derivation
Relation between line voltage and phase voltage:
Let's start by drawing a phasor diagram for the given star connection. From the phasor diagram or vector diagram the line and phase voltages are considered as:
VR = Vy =VB= VL = Phase voltage
VRY =VYB = VBR=Vph= Line voltage
Extending VR in the backward direction will get -VR and draw a resultant between VR and VB. Similarly, extending Vy in the backward direction will get -Vy and draw a resultant between Vy and VB, and finally VB in the backward direction will get -VB and draw a resultant between Vy and VB.
The resultant vector of the given star connection can be found from the results of vector analysis. The resultant vector drawn is the line voltage of the star connection.
Let us consider the resultant VBY,
We know that the resultant vector is given by,
\[\Rightarrow\] R = \[\sqrt{P^{2}+R^{2}+2PQCos\theta }\]
Similarly, the resultant VBY is calculated as,
\[\Rightarrow\] VBY = \[\sqrt{\left ( VB^{2} \right )+\left ( VR^{2} \right )+2\left ( VB \right )\left ( VR \right )Cos\theta }\]
Here,
VB=VR=VPh and the angle between them is θ = 60°
\[\Rightarrow\] VBY = \[\sqrt{\left ( VPh^{2} \right )+\left ( VPh^{2} \right )+2\left ( VPh \right )\left ( VPh \right )Cos 60 }\]
\[\Rightarrow\] VBY = \[\sqrt{\left (2VPh^{2} \right )+\left (2VPh^{2} \right )/2}\]
\[\Rightarrow\] VBY = \[\sqrt{3\left (VPh \right )^{2}}\]
\[\Rightarrow\] VL = \[\sqrt{3\left (VPh \right )}\]
This gives the relation between line voltage and phase voltage in star connection and we can observe that the line voltage in the star connection is root three times its phase voltage.
Note:
The line and phase voltage are directly proportional to each other. Therefore, if we give an increment to the line voltage, then it will also result in an increase of phase voltage.
Relation Between Line Current and Phase Voltage
The line current in the star connection is currently flowing through a single-phase or line and the phase current is the current flowing between two phases. Then the relation between line current and the phase current is given by:
⇒ IL= IPh
⇒ Line current = Phase current
I.e. The line current in a star connection will be the same as its phase current throughout the circuit.
This is the relation between line and phase voltage along with an explanation. Understand the meaning of these two terms and relate them as mentioned in this article.
FAQs on Relation Between Line Voltage and Phase Voltage
1. How do three-phase AC circuits function?
Three-phase circuits provide nearly all heavy industrial power. This is due to a combination of factors including size and cost. With three-phase systems, larger blocks of electricity can be transmitted more efficiently, and machinery can be more compact.
Because copper and other metals have a significant impact on big equipment capital expenditures, there is a trend to raise voltage, allowing for lower currents, smaller conductor sizes, and fewer i²R losses.
A generator with three sets of windings is used to generate three-phase voltages. Transformers features three sets of windings as well.
2. How is power generated in a three-phase connection?
Three-phase voltages are created by rotating three-conductor coils in a magnetic field counterclockwise. Each coil is labelled with a "1" at the beginning and a "2" at the end. Each coil is 120 degrees apart electrically.
Slip rings and brushes can be used to pull the coils' ends out of the generator. The field magnet rotates while the armature remains stationary on big generators, obviating the need for brushes and slip rings in high-power circuits.
One single-phase voltage source will be provided by each coil. Rather than three single-phase voltages, the coils are usually coupled and three-phase power is drawn from the generator. The voltages have a sine wave structure with a value of zero at zero degrees.
4. What are Phasor Diagrams?
Phasor diagrams are used to represent the phase differences between the sinusoidal signals. With the use of Phasor diagrams, it is easy to analyze the signals with the same frequencies.