CABG Full Form – Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is a surgical procedure used to improve blood flow to the heart when coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed. It involves grafting a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to bypass the blocked artery. CABG is one of the most effective treatments for severe heart disease, reducing the risk of heart attacks and improving overall heart function. Understanding its procedure, risks, and recovery is essential for patients considering this life-saving surgery.

What is CABG?

CABG, or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, is a heart surgery that creates an alternate route for blood to bypass clogged coronary arteries. A surgeon takes a healthy artery or vein from another part of the body and grafts it onto the blocked artery to restore normal blood flow. This procedure is commonly performed for patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD), significantly reducing the risk of heart attacks and chest pain (angina).

Why is CABG Performed?

CABG is recommended when-

• Severe blockage in coronary arteries is restricting blood flow to the heart.

• Medications or lifestyle changes have not improved symptoms.

• Multiple arteries are affected, making stent placement ineffective.

• There is a high risk of heart attack or heart failure.

CABG helps improve overall heart function, reduces chest pain, and enhances the patient’s quality of life.

Types of CABG Procedures

There are four main types of CABG surgery-

1. Single Bypass – One artery is bypassed.

2. Double Bypass– Two arteries are bypassed.

3. Triple Bypass – Three arteries are bypassed.

4. Quadruple Bypass– Four arteries are bypassed.

The type of surgery depends on the severity of artery blockages and the patient’s heart condition.

How is CABG Performed?

1. Preparation-

• The patient undergoes blood tests, ECG, and imaging tests.

• General anaesthesia is administered before surgery.

2. Surgical Procedure-

• The surgeon makes an incision in the chest to access the heart.

• A healthy artery or vein (often from the leg or chest) is removed.

• The graft is attached to the blocked coronary artery, bypassing the obstruction.

• The chest is closed, and the heart is monitored.

3. Recovery & Post-Surgery Care-

• Patients stay in the ICU for 1-2 days for observation.

• Full recovery takes around 6-12 weeks, depending on overall health.

Risks & Complications of CABG

While CABG is generally safe, some risks include-

• Infection at the surgical site.

• Blood clots, increase the risk of stroke.

• Bleeding during or after surgery.

• Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat).

• Memory loss or confusion (temporary in some cases).

Doctors carefully evaluate patients before surgery to minimise risks and ensure successful outcomes.

Recovery & Lifestyle After CABG

Post-Surgery Recovery-

• Hospital stay- 5-7 days after surgery.

• Gradual return to daily activities within 6 weeks.

• Cardiac rehabilitation helps regain strength and heart function.

Long-Term Lifestyle Changes-

• Healthy diet – Low-fat, high-fiber foods.

• Regular exercise – Walking, light activities.

• Quitting smoking– Reduces future heart disease risk.

• Managing stress – Meditation and relaxation techniques.

Following these steps significantly improves heart health and prevents further complications.

Conclusion

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is a life-saving procedure for individuals with severe coronary artery disease. While it involves a major surgery, advancements in medical technology have made it safer and more effective. Proper post-surgery care and lifestyle changes play a crucial role in long-term heart health. Understanding the procedure, risks, and recovery can help patients make informed decisions. If you or a loved one is considering CABG, consulting a qualified cardiologist is essential for the best outcomes.

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