Answer
Verified
40.5k+ views
Hint: According to the question, we need to perform a reaction using 1-butanol and another reagent to produce 1-iodobutane. To achieve this, we need to substitute the alcohol group, i.e. the –OH group from 1-butanol with iodine.
Complete Step by Step Solution:
We can easily substitute the –OH group with the –I group by using HI as a reagent with the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2.
\[C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - OH + HI\xrightarrow{{ZnC{l_2}}}C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - I + {H_2}O\]
Anhydrous ZnCl2 is added with hydrohalic acid for a specific purpose. ZnCl2 is a strong Lewis acid added to the reaction as Cl is considered as a better nucleophile than I. It happens due to its bulky size and Cl makes the alcohol group (-OH) a better leaving ability group than other halides. When alcohols are reacted with a strong Lewis acid, it forms a complex, [Zn(OH)Cl2].
Then in the following rearrangement reaction, the R-Cl product is changed to R-I and thus we get our desired haloalkanes. The reagent used, [HI + ZnCl2] is also known as the Lucas reagent and the reaction is commonly referred to as the Lucas reaction or the substitution of the –OH group.
Additional Information: Lucas reagent is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is used to identify and classify low molecular weight alcohols. The reaction taking place is a substitution in which the chloride ion replaces a hydroxyl group. If the colour of the solution changes from colourless to turbid with an oily layer on top of the solution, the test for alcohol is positive and it signals the formation of a chloroalkane.
Note: ZnCl2 reacts with the alcohol group in the following mechanism.
Complete Step by Step Solution:
We can easily substitute the –OH group with the –I group by using HI as a reagent with the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2.
\[C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - OH + HI\xrightarrow{{ZnC{l_2}}}C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - I + {H_2}O\]
Anhydrous ZnCl2 is added with hydrohalic acid for a specific purpose. ZnCl2 is a strong Lewis acid added to the reaction as Cl is considered as a better nucleophile than I. It happens due to its bulky size and Cl makes the alcohol group (-OH) a better leaving ability group than other halides. When alcohols are reacted with a strong Lewis acid, it forms a complex, [Zn(OH)Cl2].
Then in the following rearrangement reaction, the R-Cl product is changed to R-I and thus we get our desired haloalkanes. The reagent used, [HI + ZnCl2] is also known as the Lucas reagent and the reaction is commonly referred to as the Lucas reaction or the substitution of the –OH group.
Additional Information: Lucas reagent is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is used to identify and classify low molecular weight alcohols. The reaction taking place is a substitution in which the chloride ion replaces a hydroxyl group. If the colour of the solution changes from colourless to turbid with an oily layer on top of the solution, the test for alcohol is positive and it signals the formation of a chloroalkane.
Note: ZnCl2 reacts with the alcohol group in the following mechanism.
Recently Updated Pages
silver wire has diameter 04mm and resistivity 16 times class 12 physics JEE_Main
A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance C When class 12 physics JEE_Main
Let gx 1 + x x and fx left beginarray20c 1x 0 0x 0 class 12 maths JEE_Main
A series combination of n1 capacitors each of value class 12 physics JEE_Main
When propyne is treated with aqueous H2SO4 in presence class 12 chemistry JEE_Main
Which of the following is not true in the case of motion class 12 physics JEE_Main
Other Pages
Excluding stoppages the speed of a bus is 54 kmph and class 11 maths JEE_Main
when an object Is placed at a distance of 60 cm from class 12 physics JEE_Main
A food packet is dropped from a helicopter rising up class 11 physics JEE_Main
The mole fraction of the solute in a 1 molal aqueous class 11 chemistry JEE_Main
In an electromagnetic wave A Power is equally transferred class 12 physics JEE_Main
A closed organ pipe and an open organ pipe are tuned class 11 physics JEE_Main