Question

Which of the following compound can form hydrogen bonds
A \[C{{H}_{4}}\]
B NaCl
C \[CHC{{l}_{3}}\]
D \[{{H}_{2}}O\]

Answer 1

Hint: A hydrogen atom that is bound to a highly electronegative atom and another highly electronegative atom that is close by interact with one another to form hydrogen bonds, which are an unique kind of attractive intermolecular interactions. This process is known as hydrogen bonding.

Complete step-by-step answer:Hydrogen is covalently joined to the more electronegative oxygen atom in water molecules. Therefore, the dipole-dipole interactions between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another \[{{H}_{2}}O\] molecule are what cause hydrogen bonding to form in water molecules. Here, the oxygen nucleus is in close proximity to the bond pair of electrons in the O-H bond (due to the large difference in the electronegativities of oxygen and hydrogen). As a result, the hydrogen atom acquires a partial positive charge (${{\delta }^{+}}$) whereas the oxygen atom acquires a partial negative charge (${{\delta }^{-}}$). Now, the electrostatic attraction between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule (with a ${{\delta }^{+}}$ charge) and the oxygen atom of another water molecule (with a ${{\delta }^{-}}$ charge) can lead to hydrogen bonding.
In light of this, hydrogen bonds represent a very distinct type of intermolecular attractive forces that only appear in compounds when hydrogen atoms are bound to strongly electronegative elements. Compared to standard dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds are generally much stronger. They are not as strong as actual covalent or ionic connections, though. Hydrogen bonds can form in \[{{H}_{2}}O\] at rest. While NaCl has intraionic attraction within the molecule, \[C{{H}_{4}}\] and \[CHC{{l}_{3}}\] are organic compounds without oxygen.

Option ‘D’ is correct

Note: In order for a hydrogen atom to form a hydrogen bond, a highly electronegative atom must also be present in the molecule. The degree of polarisation of the molecule increases with increasing electronegativity.
The electronegative atom should have a tiny size. The strength of the electrostatic attraction increases with decreasing size.