Question

The type of isomerism that can be exhibited by the compound with the formula ${C_4}{H_{10}}O$ is/are:
(A) Chain and position only
(B) Functional and position only
(C) Metamerism only
(D) Chain, position, functional and metamerism.

Answer 1

Hint- Isomerism is the relation between two or more types of the compounds, radicals or ions that have the same number and kind of the atoms but differ from each other in the structural arrangement or the arrangement of their atoms in space. Hence now we will check for the given compound ${C_4}{H_{10}}O$ that how many types of the different structures it may form with respect to the types of the isomerism.

Complete step by step solution:
There are different types of the isomerism, some of the is as follows,
(1) Chain isomerism
(2) Functional isomerism
(3) Position isomerism
(4) Metamerism
- Chain isomerism is the type of isomerism when there is the same molecular formula for a given compound or the molecule but different arrangement of the carbon atoms in the straight or branched chain. For example- (given compound ${C_4}{H_{10}}O$ )
Butan-1-ol
$C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - OH$
Butan-2-ol
$C{H_3} - C{H_2} - CHOH - C{H_3} \ \ \ $
- Functional isomerism arises in the compounds or molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional groups. That means the same formula will form two or more different functional groups for the formation of two or more different structural formulas.
For example-(given compound ${C_4}{H_{10}}O$ )
Butanol
$C{H_3}C{H_2}C{H_2} - C{H_2} - OH$
Diethylether
${C_2}{H_5} - O - {C_2}{H_5}$
- Position isomerism arises in compounds when they differ by the position of the functional group in the parent chain of the compound. For example-(given compound ${C_4}{H_{10}}O$ )
Butan-1-ol
$C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - C{H_2} - OH$
Butan-2-ol
$\ C{H_3} - C{H_2} - CHOH - C{H_3} \\
   \ $
- Metamerism arises in the compounds when two alkyl groups are attached to the same functional group. For example- (given compound ${C_4}{H_{10}}O$ )
Diethylether
${C_2}{H_5} - O - {C_2}{H_5}$
Methyl propyl ether
$C{H_3} - O - {C_3}{H_7}$
Hence this compound ${C_4}{H_{10}}O$ having all the above four types of isomerism.

So option (D) is the correct answer.
Note-The compounds or molecules that exhibit isomerism are called isomer. The word “isomer” was given by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius and this term “isomer” is derived from the Greek words “isos” and “meros” that mean “equal parts”.