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Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 11 (Free PDF Download)

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Last updated date: 29th Mar 2024
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CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 - Human Eye and Colourful World Revision Notes - PDF Download

Human eyes and a colourful world is the topic of Chapter 11 of CBSE Class 10 science. If you are a student searching for a quick way to summarise the whole chapter, look no further! Vedantu offers a revision note developed by experts for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 - Human Eye and Colorful Planet. This revision has been prepared by specialists to assist students in revising and practising the chapter's difficult theories. The revision notice is open to the public. Download the free online PDF format of Chapter 11 Class 10 science notes that provides all the supporting material you need for getting high marks.


Important Topics Covered in CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11

The following are some of the most important topics that are covered in the freely accessible revision notes of the Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 CBSE Science Chapter 11.

  • The human eye.

  • Defects of vision and their correction.

  • Refraction of light through a prism.

  • Dispersion of white light by a glass prism.

  • Atmospheric refraction.

  • Scattering of light.


Download CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes 2023-24 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 10 Science revision notes for All chapters:


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Access Class 10 Science Chapter 11 - Human eye and colourful world Notes

  • The front part of the eye is covered with a transparent spherical membrane known as the cornea. Light enters the eye through the cornea. Space present just behind the cornea contains a fluid known as aqueous humour.

  • Just behind the cornea is a muscular diaphragm, which is dark coloured and is known as the iris which has a small circular opening in the middle called the pupil. The black colour of the pupil is due to no light being reflected from it. The iris is responsible for controlling the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.

  • The lens of our eyes is a convex lens made of a transparent jelly-like proteinaceous material. The eye lens is hard in the middle and becomes soft towards the outer edges. The ciliary muscles hold the eye lens in its position. The ciliary muscles are responsible for changing the curvature and focal length of the eye lens.

  • The inner back surface of the eyeball is the retina. It is a semi-transparent membrane that is light sensitive and behaves as the screen of a camera. The light-sensitive receptors present in the retina are rods and cone cells. When the light falls on these receptors, they are responsible for sending electrical signals to the brain via the optic nerve. The space between the retina and eye lens is filled with vitreous humour.

  • Light from an object enters the eye via the cornea and pupil. The eye lens is in charge of bringing these light rays together to generate a true, inverted, and reduced image on the retina. As light strikes the retina, the light-sensitive cells get activated and create electrical impulses. These electric signals are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerves, and the brain interprets them in such a way that we can perceive an image that is upright and the same size as the object. Accommodation of the eye is defined as the capacity of the eye to concentrate on things at different distances.

  • Whereas the range of vision is the distance between the near point and the far point.

  • Colour vision occurs through cone cells of the retina which are excited only in bright light. You cannot differentiate between red, violet, or purple flowers in a garden in moonlight, because of the rod cells' function and not of cone cells.


Human eye


Defects of Eye

  • Colour blindness, also known as colour vision deficit, is a condition in which a person cannot discriminate between specific colours. The most likely reason is genetic. Cone cells are colour sensitive receptors in the typical human eye that contain single vision pigments that are selective for red, green, and blue light. Colour vision problems develop when the amount of pigment per cone is either diminished or nonexistent.

  • Nyctalopia is an inability of a person to see in relatively low light. It is considered a symptom of several eye diseases.  Night blindness could be inborn or can occur due to any injury or malnutrition. Lack of Vitamin A could also play an important role in this. The outer layer of the retina is composed of more rods than cones. The rod cells are responsible for the vision in low light and the reason why the loss of side vision often results in night blindness.

  • Cataract is an opacity in the eye's crystalline lens. The crystalline lens power can be raised in the early stages of age-related cataract, creating near-sightedness (or myopia), which leads to progressive yellowing and complete opaqueness in the lens, reducing the perception of blue colours. Cataracts form for a variety of causes, including long-term exposure to UV rays, and radiation exposure typically results in denaturation of lens proteins.

  • Hypermetropia is an eye defect in which a person is incapable of seeing near objects but his distant vision is clear. In a normal eye, the light rays coming from the object fall on the retina but in the case of a hypermetropic eye, these light rays get focused behind the retina.

  • Myopia is an eye defect in which a person is not able to see distant objects clearly. Since a person can not see distant objects clearly, this defect is also  known as nearsightedness.

  • Astigmatism is the commonly occurring eye defect that results in distorted images since light rays are unable to meet at common focus. Astigmatism may lead to Hypermetropia or Myopia.

  • Presbyopia is the condition in which the centre of the eye lens becomes hard making it capable of accommodating near vision. This condition is quite common with person over the age of 50 and even those with myopia.


Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 Notes: Free PDF Download Contents of Chapter 11 Science Class 10 Notes 

The science Chapter 11 Class 10 notes instruct students on the complexity of the human eye. One of the five sense organs, the eyes' role is to provide visual input to the brain. The brain then processes the signals and pictures formed. The overall goal of the Chapter 11 Class 10 Science notes is to provide a fundamental understanding of how the eye functions and what its structure looks like.


Class 10 Science Chapter 11 – Summary

Mentioned below is the short summary of Chapter 11. The detailed explanation of the important concepts is provided in an easy-to-understand way in the revision note of Class 10 Science Chapter 11. Let us quickly look at some of the critical points of Chapter 11.


Structure of Human Eye:The human eye is different from the eye of other species. The human eye is classified as a simple eye structure. There are fluids present in the eye which helps in maintaining its structure and rigidity. The parts of the eye discussed are as follows:

  • Cornea: The front part of an eye.

  • Iris: The muscles responsible for controlling the eye aperture.

  • Lens: It is a convex lens in the case of humans.

  • Retina: The inner part of the eye with sensory cells.

  • Sclera: Muscular layer of the eye.

  • Vitreous Humor: Fluid in the eye.

  • Aqueous Humor: Fluid in the eye.

Defects in The Human Eye: As the eye is a complex system of a number of cells and tissues as well as fluids, it is not uncommon for people to encounter defects within the eye. These defects can be noted in a number of individuals and are fairly common. The common defects noted in the human are listed below:

  • Myopia: near-sightedness

  • Hyperopia: Distant vision is clear but near vision is affected

  • Presbyopia: inability to accommodate eye

  • Cataracts: Age-related eye defect

  • Colour Blindness: Inability to distinguish colours.


Refraction of Light Through a Prism

Different wavelengths of light bend at various angles as it slows and passes through the prism. As a result, light is split into various wavelengths and creates a rainbow of colours. The visible light wavelengths that an item reflects or transmits affect how coloured it appears to the human eye.


Dispersion of White Light by a Glass Prism

White light disperses into its array of colours when it passes through a glass prism, in the following order: violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. This phenomenon of white light separating into its component colours is known as dispersion.


Atmospheric Refraction

The deflection of sunlight or another electromagnetic wave caused by the earth's atmosphere fluctuation in air density as a function of altitude is known as atmospheric refraction.


Scattering of Light

When light travels through one medium and into another, such as air or a glass of water, some of the light is absorbed by the medium's particles before it radiates in a specific direction. Light scattering is the word used to describe this phenomenon. The size of the dispersed light's particles and its wavelength affect how intense it is. Light scattering is what gives the sky its blue hue and the Sun its reddish hue at sunrise and dusk.


Benefits of  CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Revision Notes

The following are some of the advantages of using  CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Notes for preparation.

  • Revision notes are curated by experts with a primary focus to cover all the important topics.

  • The notes are in a simple, precise, and easy-to-understand format.

  • The revision notes contain a list of important diagrams that would help in a better understanding of the concept.

  • Concepts are followed by examples for a better understanding of the theories.


Tips to Prepare From CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Notes

The Class 10th science Chapter 11 notes are the perfect study companion for you. Let us now look at some tips to study from the notes!

  • Firstly, it is important to read the NCERT textbooks blindly. The books will give you a basic outline of the topics. Then you must go through the Class 10 Chapter 11 science notes to further improve understanding and increase the chances of students getting higher marks. 

  • Look at the model answers provided at the end. 

  • Practise the related diagrams to score maximum marks.

This was the complete discussion of the Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 Notes. We hope to have helped students with their queries. We wish you all the very best for your exams!


Additional Materials Provided by Vedantu:


Chapter wise Revision Notes for CBSE Class 10 Science

FAQs on Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 11 (Free PDF Download)

1. How to get access to the class 10 ch 11 science notes?

To get access to the free Human Eye and Colourful World-class 10 notes you can either visit the official Vedantu website or you can also download the online PDF version of the notes.

2. What is the power of accommodation of the eye?

Human eyes can adjust the focal length of it depending upon the distance of the object it wants to see. Be it a near object or a distant object, adjusting the focal length enables the eyes to clearly focus on the rays coming from the object as the rays reach the retina. This particular ability of the human eyes is known as accommodation of the eye.

3. Where can we download the notes for chapter 11 of Class 10 Science?

Notes are succinct, crisp, unambiguous, and plainly written, students frequently use them as a last-minute exam study material. All notes are professionally created by in-house professionals who are educated on the subjects. These notes are available for download practically everywhere on the internet. Vedantu definitely beats all of them because they offer CBSE revision notes prepared with expert assistance that contains topic explanations of chapter 11 in simple terms with tips, hints and more which can be downloaded from the page CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes Chapter 11.

4. What are the concepts covered in Chapter 11 of Class 10 Science?

In Class 10, Chapter 11 of Science is all about the various topics related to the Human eye, refraction, light, and possibly everything under the colourful world. CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes Chapter 11 offer all these concepts in a short and direct manner and the concepts covered in the  chapter are included in the following points:

  • The Human eye

  • Defects in vision and different methods in their correction

  • Atmospheric Refraction

  • Refraction of Light through a Prism

  • Dispersion of white light 

  • Scattering of light

5. State the important formulae covered in the chapter ‘Human Eye and the Colourful World’.

‘Human Eye and the Colourful World’ is a chapter introduced to Class 10 students of Science to make them familiar with terms like refraction, scattering, etc. all of which are associated with the concept of light. Thus, they are made to solve problems related to the concept of light like the power of the lens and the relationship between the focal length and distance that is given by the lens formula.

  • Power, P = 1/f

  • Lens Formula, 1/f = 1/v-1/u

6. What are the benefits of using CBSE Notes for studying Chapter 11 of Class 10 Science?

Students can benefit from using notes in more ways than they realize. Because of its convenience, the PDF format is the primary advantage. These notes have the additional benefit of helping students use their time wisely by providing them with an opportunity of consistent practice, easy-to-understand structure, and conveying all the fundamental knowledge clearly. CBSE Notes are supposed to help students keep one revision material in handy for their exam preparation allowing them to score good results. These notes are available on the Vedantu app and on the Vedantu website at free of cost.

7. What is the scattering of light as described in Chapter 11 of Science for Class 10?

As Chapter 11 of Class 10 Science is all about light and its related concepts like refraction and scattering, students are made familiar with the different ways that lights bend on hitting different objects. One such phenomenon is the scattering of light that students learn about. This phenomenon occurs when a light ray deviates from its straight path because of certain obstructions like gas molecules or dust. The factors affecting this scattering of light include wavelength and density.