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Important Questions and Answers for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Environment and Natural Resources 2025-26

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Environment and Natural Resources Class 12 Important Questions PDF with Solutions

Explore Important Questions Class 12 Political Science Contemporary World Politics Chapter 6 Environment and Natural Resources with clear answers and exam-focused tips. This page is designed for CBSE Class 12 students who want to understand key topics and score well in Political Science Chapter 6. Get easy-to-understand questions and answers from Vedantu, covering all major points you need for exams.


This chapter looks at global environmental issues, resource sharing, and how politics shapes environmental policies. Find detailed environment and natural resources class 12 important questions pdf and notes to support your revision. Each question is exam-ready and highlights important facts and concepts for scoring high marks.


These questions help you practice different types, like MCQs and long answers, so you are ready for tests and boards. Download the free Important Questions PDF to read anytime and revise quickly. Make your revision easy and focused with Vedantu’s Important Questions and Answers set for this chapter.


Environment and Natural Resources Class 12 Important Questions PDF with Solutions

1. Multiple choice questions.


Q1. Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the global commons?


  • (a) Earth's atmosphere
  • (b) Antarctica
  • (c) Sahara Desert
  • (d) Ocean floor

Answer: (c) Sahara Desert


Q2. In which year was the Kyoto Protocol adopted?


  • (a) 1987
  • (b) 1991
  • (c) 1997
  • (d) 2002

Answer: (c) 1997


Q3. The principle of 'Common but Differentiated Responsibilities' was formalised at which summit?


  • (a) Rio Earth Summit 1992
  • (b) Montreal Protocol
  • (c) Paris Agreement
  • (d) Kyoto Protocol

Answer: (a) Rio Earth Summit 1992


Q4. Which region holds the largest share of the world’s known oil reserves?


  • (a) East Asia
  • (b) North America
  • (c) Gulf region
  • (d) Europe

Answer: (c) Gulf region


Q5. Which Indian movement is associated with people hugging trees to prevent cutting?


  • (a) Narmada Bachao Andolan
  • (b) Chipko Movement
  • (c) Swadeshi Movement
  • (d) Tebhaga Movement

Answer: (b) Chipko Movement


2. Very Short Answer (VSA).


Q1. What is meant by environmental degradation?


Answer: Environmental degradation refers to the decline of the environment through depletion of resources, loss of biodiversity, and pollution of air, water, and soil.


Q2. Name one example of common property resources found in India.


Answer: Sacred groves managed by local communities in India are an example of common property resources.


Q3. State one main objective of the Earth Summit 1992.


Answer: The main objective of the Earth Summit was to promote sustainable development and address global environmental issues like climate change and biodiversity loss.


Q4. Give one reason why water disputes may lead to international conflicts.


Answer: Water disputes can lead to international conflicts because shared rivers and water resources are critical for survival and economic activities, causing competition among nations.


Q5. What does CBDR stand for in environmental politics?


Answer: CBDR stands for Common but Differentiated Responsibilities, a principle recognising varied contributions and capacities among nations in addressing environmental issues.


3. Short Answer Questions.


Q1. Explain the concept of global commons and provide two examples.


Answer: Global commons are resource domains or areas that do not fall within the jurisdiction of any one country and are shared by all. Examples include Earth's atmosphere and Antarctica. They require collective management because their degradation affects the whole world.


Q2. Discuss how India’s stand on environmental issues reflects the principle of CBDR.


Answer: India supports CBDR by emphasising its low per capita emissions and historical responsibility of developed nations. India upholds its development needs while participating in agreements like the Kyoto Protocol, balancing global environmental protection with national development priorities.


Q3. What are the major features of environmental movements in the Global South?


Answer: Environmental movements in the Global South are grassroots and community-based, focusing on protection of forests, water, and land. They protest against large projects like dams and mining that threaten local livelihoods and cultural heritage, as seen in the Chipko and Narmada Bachao Andolan.


Q4. Why is the geopolitics of oil important in contemporary world politics?


Answer: Oil is crucial for modern economies, and its reserves are unequally distributed. The Gulf region controls most reserves, which creates strategic competition, influences international relations, and can spark conflicts over control and access.


Q5. Describe the key concern of indigenous peoples in the context of resource use and development projects.


Answer: Indigenous peoples are concerned about loss of land, culture, and control due to large development projects. They seek recognition of their rights, autonomy, and sustainable resource use to preserve their traditional way of life.


4. True or False Questions.


Q1. The Montreal Protocol was aimed at protecting the ozone layer.


Answer: True


Q2. Sustainable development means using resources only for present needs without any concern for the future.


Answer: False


Q3. India ratified the Paris Agreement in 2016 to address climate change.


Answer: True


Q4. The Narmada Bachao Andolan opposed industrial pollution in urban centres.


Answer: False


Q5. Sacred groves in India are an example of common property resource management.


Answer: True


3. Fill in the Blanks Questions.


Q1. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in 1992 is also known as the _______.


Answer: Earth Summit


Q2. The principle that recognises different nations have varying responsibilities towards environmental protection is called _______.


Answer: Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR)


Q3. The _______ Protocol was signed in 1987 to address ozone layer depletion.


Answer: Montreal


Q4. The Gulf region holds about _______ percent of the world’s known oil reserves.


Answer: 64%


Q5. Narmada Bachao Andolan was a movement against the construction of _______ on the Narmada river.


Answer: mega dams


Why Studying Environment and Natural Resources is Valuable for Class 12 Political Science Students

Learning about environment and natural resources class 12 questions and answers helps students understand global issues like water scarcity, biodiversity, and resource-sharing. The chapter builds awareness about regional and international efforts for a greener planet, setting a strong base for careers in policy or environmental studies.


Accessing environment and natural resources class 12 important questions pdf and concise notes makes exam preparation easier. Important topics like sustainable development, geopolitics of oil, and indigenous rights are covered with clarity. This helps students approach their CBSE boards with more confidence, using focused study aids.


With easy-to-understand environment and natural resources class 12 MCQ and short answer sets, learners practise real-world application of chapter concepts. Downloadable notes and well-structured questions encourage students to do well in not just board exams but also in competitive entrances and current affairs quizzes related to globalisation and resource politics.


FAQs on Important Questions and Answers for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Environment and Natural Resources 2025-26

1. What types of important questions are usually asked from Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 Environment and Natural Resources?

Expect a mix of MCQs, very short answers, 3-mark short answers, 5-mark long answers, and case-based questions from this chapter. Focus on definitions, features, impacts of globalization, key terms, and current environmental challenges. Reviewing previous year trends and practicing NCERT-based important questions is essential for scoring well.

2. How should I write long answer (5-mark) questions on environment and natural resources in exams?

Start with a brief introduction, use clear points, and highlight keywords like "global commons," "sustainable development," and "environmental movements." Break your answer into 5 value points, underline key phrases, and give examples for clarity. Diagrams or flowcharts can help if relevant. Keep the structure logical and answer all parts of the question.

3. Which are the most important subtopics to focus on for scoring full marks in Chapter 6?

The most important subtopics include:

  • Global environmental issues and summits like the Kyoto Protocol and Rio Earth Summit.
  • Concept of global commons and its challenges.
  • Role of developed vs. developing countries in resource management.
  • Environmental movements and policies.

4. Are diagrams or maps required for Environment and Natural Resources Class 12 important questions?

Diagrams or maps are not compulsory, but including well-labelled flowcharts or simple diagrams (e.g., global commons, pollution cycle) can fetch extra marks if directly relevant. Use diagrams only if time permits and if they help explain your answer. Label everything clearly, as CBSE examiners value neat presentation.

5. Where can I find Environment and Natural Resources Class 12 important questions PDF with answers?

You can download a PDF of important questions with answers for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 from certified educational sites like Vedantu. Use these PDFs for last-minute revision, ensuring you cover all question types: MCQs, short answers, and long answers based on the current CBSE syllabus.

6. What common mistakes should I avoid while answering important questions in this chapter?

Students often write vague points, skip keywords like "sustainable development", or ignore CBSE's value-based marking. Avoid writing only general information or missing diagrams when asked. Always read the question carefully and stick to NCERT-approved explanations for full marks.

7. How can I practice Environment and Natural Resources Chapter 6 important questions for time management?

Set a timer based on mark weightage:

  • 1 mark – 1 minute
  • 3 marks – 4–5 minutes
  • 5 marks – 7–8 minutes
Practice writing concise, point-wise answers and underline key terms for better visibility. Review the answers from important questions PDFs to improve speed and accuracy.