GFR Full Form – Glomerular Filtration Rate

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a critical measure of kidney function, indicating how efficiently the kidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. 

This page explains GFR in simple terms, including its meaning, calculation, normal ranges, importance in diagnosing kidney diseases, and factors affecting GFR.

What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) measures how efficiently the kidneys filter waste from the blood. It is a key indicator of kidney function and helps detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) early.

• GFR is measured in millilitres per minute (mL/min).

• A higher GFR indicates healthy kidney function, while a lower GFR suggests kidney disease.

• Doctors use GFR to assess kidney health, monitor disease progression, and adjust treatments.

How is GFR Calculated?

GFR is estimated using blood tests and formulas based on:

• Creatinine Clearance Test – Measures kidney efficiency in filtering creatinine.

• MDRD & CKD-EPI Equations – Commonly used to estimate GFR.

• 24-hour urine tests or radioactive tracers may be used for precise measurements.

Normal GFR Ranges by Age

GFR naturally declines with age.

• 20-39 years: 90-120 mL/min

• 40-59 years: 85-100 mL/min

• 60+ years: 60-89 mL/min

• Below 60 mL/min: Indicates possible kidney dysfunction

Factors Affecting GFR

Factors That Increase GFR

• High protein intake

• Pregnancy

• Increased blood pressure (short-term)

Factors That Decrease GFR

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

• Diabetes and high blood pressure

• Dehydration and aging

Clinical Significance of GFR

• CKD Diagnosis: GFR <60 mL/min for 3+ months indicates CKD.

• Kidney Failure: GFR <15 mL/min may require dialysis or transplant.

• Diabetes & Hypertension Monitoring: Prevents kidney complications.

GFR Stages in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Symptoms & Causes of Low GFR

Common Symptoms

• Fatigue and weakness

• Swelling in hands and feet

• Frequent urination or reduced urine output

• Nausea, vomiting, and high blood pressure

Main Causes

• Diabetes and hypertension

• Kidney infections or stones

• Autoimmune diseases (Lupus, IgA Nephropathy)

• Genetic conditions (Polycystic Kidney Disease)

How to Maintain Healthy GFR?

Diet & Lifestyle

• Drink plenty of water and reduce salt intake.

• Eat kidney-friendly foods like berries, garlic, and leafy greens.

• Engage in moderate exercise and maintain a healthy weight.

Medical Monitoring

• Control blood sugar and blood pressure.

• Avoid overuse of NSAIDs like ibuprofen.

• Get regular kidney function tests.

Conclusion

GFR is a key indicator of kidney health, helping detect issues early. A low GFR may signal kidney disease, while a healthy GFR ensures proper waste filtration. Managing diabetes and blood pressure is crucial for kidney health. Regular GFR monitoring helps in early detection and better disease management, ensuring long-term well-being.

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