Difference Between Representative and Transition Elements

Properties of Representative Elements: 

Electron Configuration: Representative elements have their valence electrons in the s and p orbitals of the outermost energy level. 

Oxidation States: They tend to exhibit predictable oxidation states, commonly forming simple ions with charges that correspond to the group number. 

Reactivity: Representative elements often undergo chemical reactions by either losing or gaining electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. 

Metallic Character: Most representative elements are metals and exhibit typical metallic properties such as malleability, ductility, and good electrical conductivity. 

Ionization Energy: The ionization energy of representative elements generally increases from left to right across a period. 

Electronegativity: These elements have moderate to high electronegativity values and tend to form covalent or ionic compounds with other elements. 

Melting and Boiling Points: Representative elements generally have lower melting and boiling points compared to transition elements. 

Properties of Transition Elements:

Electron Configuration: Transition elements have their valence electrons in both the s and d orbitals of the outermost energy level. 

Variable Oxidation States: Transition elements can exhibit multiple oxidation states due to the availability of both s and d orbitals for electron loss or gain. 

Catalytic Activity: Transition elements are known for their high catalytic activity and are often used as catalysts in various chemical reactions. 

Colorful Compounds: Many transition metal compounds exhibit vibrant colors due to the presence of partially filled d orbitals that absorb and emit specific wavelengths of light. 

Magnetic Properties: Some transition elements and their compounds are paramagnetic or ferromagnetic, meaning they are attracted to or possess their own magnetic field. 

Complex Formation: Transition elements readily form complex ions and compounds with ligands due to their ability to form coordination bonds. 

High Melting And Boiling Points: Transition elements generally have higher melting and boiling points compared to representative elements, owing to the presence of strong metallic bonding.

Difference Between Representative and Transition Elements

Summary

In summary, representative elements, also known as main group elements, are located in the s and p blocks of the periodic table. They include elements from Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 18. Representative elements have predictable properties and tend to form simple ions and compounds. Transition elements, found in the d-block, include elements from Groups 3 to 12. They possess unique characteristics due to their partially filled d orbitals, exhibiting variable oxidation states, colorful compounds, and catalytic activity. Transition elements are capable of forming complex ions and compounds. Representative elements have valence electrons in s and p orbitals, while transition elements have valence electrons in both s and d orbitals, leading to their distinct behaviors.