What Is an Epigram? Definition and Memorable Examples
| Feature | Explanation | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Brevity | Very short, usually one or two lines | "Experience is the best teacher." |
| Wit | Clever or humorous twist on a topic | "I can resist everything except temptation." – Oscar Wilde |
| Single Idea | Focuses on one thought or observation | "The only way to get rid of temptation is to yield to it." |
| Poetic or Prose | Can be in verse or just a sentence | "Less is more." |
What is an Epigram in English?
An epigram is a very brief and witty statement, poem, or remark expressing a single idea in a clever way. In English, epigrams are commonly used to amuse, criticise, or make readers think deeply. They appear in both poetry and prose.
Origin and Etymology of Epigram
The word "epigram" comes from the Greek "epigramma", meaning "inscription". Ancient Greeks wrote epigrams on monuments. Later, Roman poets like Martial made the epigram into a literary form. Today, writers use epigrams for truth and humor in both verse and prose.
Key Features of Epigram
- Brevity: Always short, often just a line or two.
- Wit: Contains cleverness or a twist of meaning.
- Single Thought: Focused on one clear idea.
- Satire: Sometimes pokes fun at people or ideas.
- Memorability: Easy to remember and quote.
Types of Epigrams
| Type | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Poetic Epigram | Short verse, often rhymed | "To err is human, to forgive divine." |
| Prose Epigram | One-line witty statement | "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread." |
| Modern Epigram | Text, speech, or social media quote | "If at first you don’t succeed, skydiving is not for you." |
Epigram vs Other Figures of Speech
| Term | Meaning | Difference from Epigram |
|---|---|---|
| Proverb | A common, traditional saying with life advice | Proverbs are usually older and not always witty or satirical. |
| Aphorism | A brief statement of principle or truth | Aphorisms may not use humor; epigrams often do. |
| Paradox | Statement that seems contradictory but has truth | Epigrams may use paradox, but are always brief and witty. |
| Epigraph | Quotation at the start of a book/chapter | Epigraph is a usage; epigram is a form of expression. |
Famous Epigram Examples in English
- "I can resist everything except temptation." – Oscar Wilde
- "To err is human, to forgive divine." – Alexander Pope
- "Brevity is the soul of wit." – Shakespeare
- "No one can make you feel inferior without your consent." – Eleanor Roosevelt
- "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread." – Alexander Pope
- "The only way to get rid of temptation is to yield to it." – Oscar Wilde
- "The best way to teach your kids about taxes is by eating 30% of their ice cream." – Bill Murray
- "We live in an age when unnecessary things are our only necessities." – Oscar Wilde
- "A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty." – Winston Churchill
- "Less is more." – Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
How to Write an Epigram
- Focus on a single idea or observation.
- Write as briefly as possible—one or two lines.
- Add a twist, surprise, or clever ending.
- Use clear, simple words.
- Consider humor, irony, or satire if suitable.
- Revise to make every word count.
Epigram in Literature and Popular Culture
Epigrams appear in poetry, essays, and plays. Writers such as Oscar Wilde, Alexander Pope, and Martial are famous for their epigrams. Today, you’ll find epigrams in books, speeches, movies, and social media. They add punch and memorability to any form of writing.
Where and Why to Use Epigrams
Students can use epigrams in essays to create strong openings or conclusions. Teachers often use epigrams in literature classes. In competitive English exams, recognising or writing epigrams can help score higher in creative and comprehension sections.
Related Figures of Speech and More Learning
- Figures of Speech
- Idioms and Phrases
- Proverbs
- Paradox
- Metaphors
- Antithesis
- Hyperbole
- Simile
- Irony
- Oxymoron
- Essay Writing
In summary, an epigram is a brief, witty statement or poem that makes a big impact with a few words. It is used for humor, criticism, or deep thought in both literature and daily communication. Learning about epigrams with Vedantu helps students improve writing, exam scores, and overall English understanding.
FAQs on Epigram: Definition, Features, and Examples in English
1. What is an epigram in English?
An epigram in English is a brief, witty, and often satirical statement or poem. It cleverly expresses a single thought. Epigrams are used in literature to amuse, criticize, or provoke reflection.
2. Can you give some examples of epigrams?
Here are some famous epigram examples:
• “I can resist everything except temptation.” – Oscar Wilde
• “A man is known by the company he keeps.” – George Washington
• “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” – Alexander Pope. These short, memorable statements showcase the epigram’s characteristic wit and concise expression of a single idea.
3. Is an epigram the same as a proverb or aphorism?
While similar in their brevity, epigrams, proverbs, and aphorisms differ. Proverbs are traditional sayings offering wisdom or advice. Aphorisms are concise statements expressing a general truth. Epigrams, however, often have a witty or satirical tone, focusing on a singular, clever observation.
4. Is epigram a type of poem?
An epigram can be a poem, but it doesn't have to be. While many famous epigrams are short, poetic verses, others are expressed in prose. The defining feature is its brevity, wit, and concise expression of a single idea, not its metrical form.
5. How is an epigram different from an epigraph or paradox?
An epigraph is a short quotation at the beginning of a literary work, setting the tone or theme. A paradox is a statement that appears contradictory but reveals a deeper truth. An epigram, however, is a self-contained witty statement or poem, typically expressing a singular observation.
6. Why are epigrams important in English literature?
Epigrams are important in English literature because they offer concise, memorable expressions of ideas. Their wit and satire make them effective for commentary and memorable impact. They demonstrate mastery of language and can add depth to literary works.
7. What makes an epigram different from a regular witty sentence?
While a witty sentence might be amusing, an epigram possesses a more structured and pointed quality. It usually encapsulates a complete thought with stylistic precision, often in a surprising or unexpected way, rather than simply being a single clever remark.
8. Who are the most famous writers of epigrams in history?
Many famous writers are known for their epigrams. Oscar Wilde is a prime example, but others include Alexander Pope, Benjamin Franklin, and Dorothy Parker. Their works demonstrate the epigram’s lasting power in literature.
9. How can students create their own epigrams for exam or creative writing?
To write an epigram, start with a single, strong idea. Refine it into a concise and memorable statement. Aim for wit and a surprising twist, using precise language. Practice by analyzing existing epigrams to understand their structure and style.
10. What are common topics or themes seen in classic epigrams?
Classic epigrams often explore themes of love, life, death, human folly, and social commentary. They frequently use irony and satire to highlight these topics concisely and memorably. The brevity demands a focused and impactful message.
11. What is an epigram and examples?
An epigram is a short, witty, and often satirical statement or poem. Examples include Oscar Wilde’s “I can resist everything except temptation” and Alexander Pope’s “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” These showcase the epigram’s concise expression of a single idea with wit.
12. Is epigram a paradox?
No, an epigram and a paradox are different. A paradox presents a seemingly contradictory statement that contains a deeper truth. An epigram is a concise and witty statement, not necessarily contradictory, expressing a single thought or idea.
13. What are the 10 examples of epigrams?
Ten examples of epigrams are difficult to definitively list as the definition is somewhat subjective. However, examples could include those by Oscar Wilde, Alexander Pope, Benjamin Franklin, Dorothy Parker, and others. The key is brevity, wit, and a concise insightful point, not a specific number.
