Theories of Aggregate Supply
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The law of supply is a fundamental principle of economic theory that states that, keeping other factors constant, an increase in price results in an increase in quantity supplied. In other words, there is a direct relationship between price and quantity: quantities respond in the same direction as price changes.
Law of Supply and Theories
The law of supply says that a higher price will induce producers to supply a higher quantity to the market, therefore, increasing the normal supply of the product. Supply in a market can be depicted in a graph as an upward-sloping supply curve that shows how the quantity supplied will actively respond to fluctuations in various prices over any period of time.
Example
A samosa shop increases the number of samosas they prepare and supply every day when the price is increased. When the selling price of a product goes up, what could be the relationship to the quantity actually supplied? It becomes practical to produce more and more of that product.
More About the Topic
What do you mean by the Theory of Supply in Economics? Supply is the amount of any commodity that sellers are willing to offer for sale at a different price per unit of time. There is a direct relationship between the price of a given commodity and the quantity offered by a seller for sale over a specified time.
If the price of the commodity rises, then other factors remain constant. Its quality which is offered for sale starts increasing as well and when the price of the commodity falls, the quantity of commodity available for sale decreases. This relationship between the price of the commodity and the quantity which the supplier is willing to sell is called the Theory of Supply.
Law of Supply
In simple words, the law of supply states that sellers supply more goods at higher prices and supply fewer goods at lower prices. The supply function is explained in the mentioned supply curve and schedule.
Market Supply Schedule of a Commodity:
In the above schedule, it is clear that the seller is willing to sell 100 units of a good at ＄4. Observe, as the price falls the quantity that the seller is willing to sell also starts falling. Therefore, at ＄1 the quantity that is being offered to sale is 40 units only.
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In the figure, the price of the commodity is on the Y-axis and the quantity of the commodity is on the X-axis. The four points namely d, c, b, and a show the combination of each price and the specific quantity that is being supplied at that price. The slope is the supply curve slopes upwards from left to right, which indicates that less quantity is being offered for sale at a lower price. Economic students study the theory of supply Class 12 Economics in detail.
Theories of Aggregate Supply Explained
Theory of Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand was given by John Maynard Keynes which was presented in his work in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. In Macroeconomics, aggregate supply (AS) is also termed as domestic final supply (DFS). Aggregate supply is the total supply of commodities that forms in an economy plan on selling during a specified amount of time.
In simple words, the theory of aggregate supply is the total supply in an economy’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Typically, a positive relationship is observed between the price level and the aggregate supply. The main components of aggregate supply are consumption and saving. The aggregate supply is the sum of consumption expenditure and savings.
Aggregate Supply (AS) = Consumption Expenditure + Saving (S)
The Formula for Theory of Supply:
Qx = Quantity Supplied
Φ = Function of
Tech = technology
Px = Price
F = Features of nature
X = Taxes and subsidies
It Is Assumed That These Variables Remain Constant.
Difference Between Theory of Supply and Theory of Aggregate Supply
The theory of supply is a concept of Microeconomics and Aggregate Supply is a concept of Macroeconomics. The law of supply and demand is a fundamental economic theory that establishes a relation between what producers sell and what consumers demand. Whereas Aggregate Supply is the total supply in an economy, the total amount a nation produces and sells.
Demand and Supply Theory of Wages
Wages are the price of services that are being rendered by the labour to the employer. As product prices are determined by its supply and demand curve, similarly wages are also obtained with the hero of demand and supply of labour. The Modern Theory of wages was given by J.R. Hicks.
Did You Know?
The shift in a supply curve is caused by a change in the cost of production, change in the number of producers, change in tax rates, or changes in the state of production technology in use.
Solved Example
Q. The supply schedule for firm A and firm B is given below. Compute the market supply schedule for the same.
A1. The market supply will be the number of commodities supplied by firm A and firm B.
FAQs on Theory of Supply
1. In Theories of Aggregate Supply, What Causes the Change in Aggregate Supply?
A shift in aggregate supply can be attributed to variables such as technological innovations, an increase in wages, change in producer taxes, changes in inflation, etc. Some of the mentioned factors will lead to positive changes while others tend to cause a decline in aggregate supply. For example, if labour efficiency increases, it will raise the supply output by decreasing the labour cost per unit if supply.
Another example is government spending, an increase in government spending will shift the aggregate demand to the right and this will have an impact on aggregate supply of the economy - depending on the sector in which the government has increased its spending. The shift in aggregate supply can be short term as well as long term shift.
2. What is the Difference Between the Theories of Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand in the Short and the Long Run?
In the short run, the level of capital is a fixed variable, and the company will not be introducing a new technology or erect a new factory. Instead, for the company to produce more it will increase its usage of existing factors of production, which the company can achieve by assigning more work or increasing use of existing machines and resources. Whereas in the long run the aggregate supply is not at all affected by the price level and is only driven by improvements in efficiency and productivity levels. Examples of such improvements can be an increase in the skills of workers, an increase in capital, etc.
3. What is an example of the law of supply?
The law of supply simply summarizes the effect the change of price will have on the behavior and manufacturing style of the producer. For example, a business will make more video game systems if the price of those systems increases. The opposite is also true if the price of video game systems drastically decreases.
4. What is the general idea of the law of supply in the market?
Law of supply states that other factors of the business remain constant while the price and quantity supplied of a good are directly related to each other. When the price faces a good rise in the market, then the supplier will immediately increase the supply in order to earn a decent amount of profit by fixing higher prices.
5. What is an example of an increase in supply?
Here in the market nothing can be well-prepared for sudden fall and rise in products and its customers. Hence a slight change in the price of one good can bring change in the supply of another good too. It can easily replace the place of a good that can be produced in place of another good. For example, a truck and an SUV in an automobile factory. The supply of goods increases if the price of one of its substitute brand’s production falls.
6. What is the impact of pricing due to changes in demand and supply?
If supply increases and demand remains the same, then the price automatically decreases. For example: Let's take bananas and say the weather is very much perfect for growing bananas which increases the supply. This means prices will drop so that the stores can sell all the bananas they have without wasting them. So basically it is the production (quantity) that decides the price of the product in the market.
7. Does explaining supply-demand with appropriate graphs increase your marks?
Definitely yes. Students can refer to appropriate graphs and detailed explanations of every concept on the Vedantu website curated by specific subject experts for that matter. When you grow the practice of drawing a graph or any image representing the concept, you are going to explain, you can never go wrong. It will be easy for you to write all the important necessary points.