Experiments on Properties of Acids
Properties of acids and bases are studied with the help of their reactions with
Litmus solution
Zinc and
Solid sodium carbonate.
Materials Required For All Experiments
Test tubes,
Dropper
Test tube stand and holder
Matchbox
Burner
Flat bottom flask
Beaker
Litmus paper/ solution (red & blue)
Thistle funnel
Glass rods
Zinc granules
Freshly made lime water
Dilute HCl
Dilute NaOH
Solid sodium carbonate
Let us know more about experiments.
Acids
Acids are compounds which when dissolved in the water yield hydronium ions as the only positively charged ions.
Strength of acid is decided by the basicity of the acid (basicity is the number of hydrogen ions present in the solution when acid is dissolved in water).
Eg. Nitric acid gives hydrogen ions and nitric ions and hydrogen ions react with water ions which gives hydronium ions.
An Experiment Of Litmus Test
Take two test tubes and label them as A and B
Take 10 ml of blue litmus in test tube A and 10 ml of red litmus solution in test tube B
Take the dropper filled with nitric acid and add a few drops of it in the test tube A and test tube B
Leave the solution for a few minutes
It is observed that the blue color of litmus in test tube A changes its color to red and it is observed that the red color of litmus solution in test tube B remains the same.
We conclude that acid turns the color of the litmus solution from blue to red
Experiment with Zinc
Take a dry and clean test tube
Place zinc granules in it
Fill it with liquid HCl submerging zinc granules and tilt it a little bit and fix it with properly in the cork
And place the bunsen burner and lit it
Close the mouth of the test tube with cork so that no vapor can escape
Leave the solution for 2-3 minutes it burns with a robust sound releasing a colorless and odorless gas
And if a burning match stick is brought near the mouth of the test tube it gives a pale blue flame with a pop sound.
The reaction of the given experiment:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2+H2
Experiment With Solid Sodium Carbonate
Take one gram of solid sodium carbonate with some distilled water in a flat bottomed flask
Take a dry double bore fork and with thistle funnel which has a delivery tube fitted with it
Close the mouth of the flat flask with the dry double bore fork
Add 2 ml of hydrochloric gas
Colorless and odorless gas is liberated which is passed through lime water through the delivery tube
And it turns lime water milky
Na2CO3 + 2HCl →2NaCl+H20(l)+CO2(g)
Experiments on properties of Bases
Bases
Bases are the compounds which react with the acid to give salt and water (neutralization).
Alkalis are bases which can be dissolved in water and yield hydroxyl ions as the only negatively charged ions. eg calcium hydroxide gives calcium ion (positively charged) and hydroxyl ion (negatively charged) thus when alkalis dissolved in water gives hydroxyl ion
The strength of the base is given by the acidity of bases.
Note: all alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis
When sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid it gives sodium chloride (salt) and water
An Experiment Of Litmus Test
Take two test tubes and label them as A and B
Fill test tube A with blue litmus solution and fill test tube A with red litmus solution (each 10 ml).
Use the dropper to add a few drops of calcium hydroxide in the solution in the test tube
Leave the solution for a few minutes
Observation: The red litmus solution in test tube A turns blue and the blue litmus solution in test tube B doesn't change its color.
Interference: we conclude that calcium hydroxide is basic in nature and bases turn from red litmus solution to blue litmus solution.
Experiment with Zinc
Take a dry and clean test tube
Place zinc granules in it
Fill it with liquid NaOH submerging zinc granules and tilt it a little bit and fix it properly in the cork
And place the bunsen burner and lit it
Close the mouth of the test tube with cork so that no vapor can escape
Leave the solution for 2-3 minutes it burns with a robust sound releasing a colorless and odorless gas
And if a burning match stick is brought near the mouth of the test tube it gives a pale blue flame with a pop sound.
The reaction of the given experiment:
2NaOH+Zn→Na2ZnO2+H2
Experiment With Solid Sodium Carbonate
Take one gram of Na2CO3 with some distilled water in a flat bottomed flask
Take a dry double bore fork and with thistle funnel which has a delivery tube fitted with it
Add dilute NaOH.
No reaction will take place.
Conclusions of Experiments
FAQs on Experiments on Properties Acids and Bases
1. What Precautions Should Be Taken While Performing Experiments Of Properties Of Acids And Bases?
Following precautions should be taken while performing these experiments
HCl and NaOH should be handled with care as both are corrosive.
The addition of HCl and Na2CO3 should be done in airtight apparatus.
Observation of milkiness should be noted as quickly as possible.
Clean Zinc metal should be used, otherwise, the reaction will take a longer time to show the results.
Small quantities of chemicals should be used.
Do not heat the Zinc and NaOH solution to boiling point.
Test tubes and droppers should not be interchanged while testing with indicators, alkalis, acids.
While carrying out a combustion test with H2 proper care should be taken
2. What are the acids and their characteristics?
The food which we eat contains an abundance of acid. Ascorbic acid and citric acid which are also known as vitamin C, are found in fruit like oranges and lemon which are citrus. Phosphoric acid is found in carbonated beverages. Acetic acid is found in vinegar. To digest food in the stomach hydrochloric acid is produced. Because of the properties of their aqueous solutions, acids are a unique class of substances.
These characteristics are listed below:
Electrolytes are acidic aqueous solutions , because of which they conduct electricity.
Few acids are categorized as powerful electrolytes because they produce a large number of ions as they completely ionize in water.
Acids are weak electrolytes when they are dissolved in water which largely exists in a non-ionized state.
Acids have a sour flavor to them. Lemons, vinegar, and sour candies are the foods that contain acids.
Certain acid-base detectors change color when exposed to acids. Litmus and phenolphthalein are two common markers. When blue litmus is exposed to oxygen, it turns red.
Salt compounds and water are formed by combining acids and bases.
When equal moles of an acid and a base are mixed then the acid is neutralized by the base.
Molecules designated as salt and water are the end product of this process.
3. What are the base and characteristics of the base?
Bases aren't as common as foods, but they're nevertheless found in a lot of things around the house. Ammonia, a basic, is found in many cleansers. Drain cleaner contains sodium hydroxide. Antacids are antacids that are used to treat stomach ulcers.
The properties of bases are mostly in opposition to those of acids.
Electrolytes are aqueous solutions of bases. Bases like those of acids can be strong or can be weak.
Bases have a harsh taste and are less commonly found in foods than acids. Various bases, like soaps, are very slick to touch.
Indicators' colors are also changed by bases. Litmus is turned blue in the presence of a base, but phenolphthalein turns pink.
Bases do not react with metal like the way acid does.
salt and water are made by the combination of base and acids.
Please keep in mind that tasting chemicals and handling them is not a good lab practice and should be avoided at all costs.
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Experiment Of Litmus Test
Experiment with Zinc
Experiment With Solid Sodium Carbonate, etc.
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