Electric Current and Its Effects Class 7 Science Chapter 10 CBSE Notes - 2025-26

Key Points About Electric Current and Its Effects

• The flow of electrons across a conductor is known as electric current.

• The use of symbols to represent electric components is convenient. A circuit diagram can be used to represent an electric circuit using these.

• When an electric current is passed via a wire, it heats up. It's the current's heating impact. This effect can be used in a variety of ways.

• When enormous electric currents are pushed through wires constructed of specific materials, they melt quickly and shatter. Electric fuses, which prevent fires and damage to electrical appliances, are made from these materials.

• One cell's positive terminal is connected to the following cell's negative terminal. A battery is a collection of two or more cells in this configuration.

• A wire acts like a magnet when an electric current travels through it.

• A full path for the flow of electric current is referred to as an electric circuit.

• Components of an Electric Circuit:The following are components of an electric circuit:

1. Cell: A cell is a device that provides energy to allow current to flow.

2. Bulb: When an electric current passes through it, it illuminates.

3. Switch: Turns on or off the circuit.

4. Connecting Wires: These wires assist in the conduct of electric current and the completion of the circuit.

• Electric Current's Effects:

1. Heating Effect: When an electric current runs through a wire, it heats up. This is the electric current's heating impact. When current travels through an electric heater, a coil of wire called the element gets red hot. The quantity of heat generated by a wire is determined by the material, length, and thickness of the wire.

2. Fuse: A fuse is a safety device that protects an electric circuit from harm. A small wire is inserted into porcelain or insulating material to create it.

3. MCB: The abbreviation MCB stands for Miniature Circuit Breakers. When the current in a circuit reaches the safe limit, these switches automatically turn off.

• Magnetic effect occurs when an electric current travels across a wire. This is the electric current's magnetic effect. Hans Christian Oersted was the first to notice this.

• An electromagnet is a current-carrying coil of insulated wire wound around a piece of iron. It is a wire coil wound on a soft iron core that is used to separate magnetic material from garbage. Small electromagnets are used by doctors to remove small bits of magnetic material that have accidentally fallen into the eye. Electromagnets are also found in many toys.

Electric Current and Its Effects: Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Revision Notes Summary

The 10th chapter will describe what a charge is and how it is formed. This charge flows in a conductor producing a current. Before plunging into the deeper concepts, first, study the basic ones and understand the features of charges produced in a conductor. The chapter will perfectly explain positive charges and negative charges. You will also learn that similar charges repel and opposite attracts.

The Electric Current and Its Effects Class 7 notes will then describe the different effects of electric current. You will learn the basic differences between insulators and conductors with proper examples. As you can see, it is a foundation chapter that needs absolute attention from your side to understand these new concepts. Discover how electric current produces heat while travelling in a conductor. Various factors determine the amount of heat produced in a conductor. Find out how these factors influence the heat produced and memorise. After completing this section, you can use the revision notes to recall the effects of these factors.

In the next section, you will study how an electric bulb produces light. Here, you will find a different set of features that a filament in an electric bulb should have to produce light continuously. By following the Science Class 7 Chapter 10 notes, you will be able to remember these conditions and answer questions accordingly.

In the same section, you will learn how an electric fuse saves all the appliances in a house from a power surge. The electric fuse wire is a conductor with salient features differing from that of the bulb filament. Learn the differences to remember how the electric conductor varies in both cases. Refer to the Ch 10 Class 7 Science notes to make it easier to understand. Next, you will learn how an electric current produces a magnetic effect around a conductor. The features of the magnetic field produced when an electric current passes through a conductor will be nicely explained. Attend the classroom sessions properly to find a proper explanation of these concepts.

You should solve all your queries related to these concepts on time. By referring to the Ch 10 Science Class 7 notes, you will be able to recall the main points of all these concepts without any hassle. In the next section, you will learn what magnetism is. here, the chapter will also explain what lightning is and how it occurs.

Learn how electromagnets are formed and what are their features. Find out how these magnets can be used for various purposes. This section will also discuss how the power of an electromagnet can be controlled using the magnetic induction effect of an electric current. Follow the simplest explanations in the Class 7 Chapter 10 Science notes to remember this new concept. Learn how permanent magnets differ from electromagnets.

Proceed to the part where you will come to know the electrical hasards to be safe in your environment. Electricity is the lifeline of modern civilisation. We should be very cautious while using electricity.

Important Topics of Class 7 Chapter 10 Science You Shouldn’t Miss!

1. Understanding Electric Charge:

• Types of Charges: Positive and negative charges.

• Interactions: Similar charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract.

2. Electric Current:

• Definition: Flow of electric charge through a conductor.

• Conductors vs. Insulators: Properties and examples of materials that conduct or block electric current.

3. Effects of Electric Current:

• Heat Production: How electric current generates heat in conductors.

• Factors Influencing Heat: Factors such as resistance and current that affect heat production.

4. Electric Bulb:

• Filament: How the filament in an electric bulb produces light.

• Conditions for Light Production: Features of the filament necessary for continuous light.

5. Electric Fuse:

• Function: Protecting electrical appliances from damage due to power surges.

• Differences from Bulb Filament: Characteristics of fuse wire compared to bulb filaments.

6. Magnetic Effect of Electric Current:

• Magnetic Field: How electric current creates a magnetic field around a conductor.

• Applications: Uses of the magnetic effect in real-life devices.

Importance of Chapter 10 Electric Current and Its Effects Class 7 Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 10, Electric Current and Its Effects, provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of electric current and its impact on various materials. Here's a summary of the key points covered in the chapter:

1. Basics of Electric Charge:

• Understand what an electric charge is and how it is formed.

• Differentiate between positive and negative charges.

• Learn that similar charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract.

3. Electric Current and Conductors:

• Study how electric current flows through conductors and the effects it produces.

• Distinguish between insulators and conductors with examples.

4. Effects of Electric Current:

• Explore how electric current generates heat in a conductor and the factors influencing this heat production.

• Learn about the conditions necessary for an electric bulb to produce light and the characteristics of the filament.

5. Electric Fuse:

• Understand the role of an electric fuse in protecting household appliances from power surges.

• Compare the properties of fuse wire with the filament in an electric bulb.

6. Magnetic Effect of Electric Current:

• Discover how electric current produces a magnetic field around a conductor.

• Study the features of the magnetic field generated by current.

Tips for Learning the Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Electric Current and Its Effects

1. Grasp Basics:

• Understand key ideas like electric charge, current, and the difference between conductors and insulators.

2. Use Diagrams:

• Draw and study diagrams of circuits and electric effects to visualise concepts better.

3. Connect to Real Life:

• Relate topics to everyday items like light bulbs and fuses to make learning more practical.

4. Make Flashcards:

• Create flashcards for important terms and concepts to help with quick reviews.

5. Try Simple Experiments:

• Perform easy experiments, like connecting a battery to a bulb, to see concepts in action.

6. Summarise Topics:

• Write brief notes on each major topic to reinforce your understanding.

7. Practice Questions:

• Solve practice questions to test your knowledge and improve your problem-solving skills.

Conclusion

Class 7 Science Chapter 10, Electric Current and Its Effects, is essential for understanding how electric current operates and impacts various materials and devices. By mastering the basics of electric charge, current flow, and the effects of electricity—such as heat production, light, and magnetism—you gain a solid foundation for more advanced studies. Utilising diagrams, real-life examples, and regular review will enhance your grasp of these concepts. This chapter not only prepares you for exams but also helps you appreciate the practical applications of electric current in everyday life.

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