Question

Fundamental Duties are provided ____________.
A. By laws of the Supreme Court
B. By a law passed by the Parliament
C. By the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment Act
D. By the convention evolved over the years by the citizens themselves

Answer 1

Hint: Article 51A under Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution deals with the fundamental duties of the citizen. The 11th duty has been borrowed from the Constitution of Japan which deals with the education of children less than 14 years

Complete Step by Step Answer: On the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee the fundamental duties were added into our Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment, 1976. The idea of including fundamental duties into the Constitution has been borrowed from the Russian Constitution. In 2002, through the 86th Amendment, the fundamental duties have been increased from 10 to 11, respectively. The fundamental duties prescribed by the Constitution are :
1. A citizen of India must abide by the Constitution and respect its institution and ideals, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2. He should further cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom
3. One must protect and uphold the sovereignty, integrity and unity of India.
4. A citizen when called upon must defend the country and render national service.
5. A citizen of India should promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, regional or sectional and linguistic diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. One must value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. One must improve and protect the natural environment including forests, lakes and wildlife, and should have compassion for living creatures.
8. One must develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. One must safeguard public property and abjure violence.
10. A citizen should strive towards excellence in all spheres of collective and individual activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of achievement and endeavour.
11. One who is a guardian or parent must provide educational opportunities to their child or between the age of six and fourteen years.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Note: The duty of every citizen of India is to abide by the laws and perform their legal obligations. One should always be aware of his 11 fundamental duties laid down by the Indian Constitution.