Courses
Courses for Kids
Free study material
Offline Centres
More
Store Icon
Store
NEET 2022 | Class 12

NEET Important Chapter - Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Get plus subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses
Cell Cycle and Cell Division NEET Notes and Important Questions

Cell Cycle and Cell Division NEET Notes and Important Questions


Last updated date: 07th Oct 2024
Total views: 258.6k
Views today: 4.64k

This article includes the notes of the chapter ‘Cell cycle and Cell Division’ as per the NEET 2022 syllabus for biology. NEET aspirants should read these NEET notes as they contain the  main and important topics for the last minute revision. 


You will also get to know about the important topics of the chapter and all the information according to the exam pattern. By revising this NEET Notes and important questions of Cell Cycle and Cell Division, one can gather more knowledge related to the topics such as what is cell cycle and cell division, what are the phases of cell division, what is mitosis and significance, what is meiosis and its significance, the difference between meiosis and mitosis, what is meiosis I and meiosis II and also significance of cell division, significance of cell cycle and phases of cell cycle can be studies in this document. 


Important Topics of Cell Cycle and Cell Division

  • Phases of Cell Cycle

  • Mitosis and Its Significance

  • Meiosis 

  • Stages of Meiosis I

  • Stages of Meiosis II

  • Mitosis and Meiosis Difference


Important Concepts

Cell Cycle and Cell Division 

A series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. Cell division is the dividing up of cells and the formation of two daughter cells from a single cell.


Phases of Cell Cycle 

1. Interphase

Between two successive M phases of cell division interphase is the period of time lapse, then replication of DNA takes place and it is further divided into three phases they are: G1, S, G2


G1 Phase:  The gap or space between previous mitosis and DNA replication of the next upcoming cycle is called G1 phase.


S Phase: The cell doubles and centriole duplicates in the DNA content. but the number of chromosomes remains the same, it is very important to notice that.


G2 Phase:  In this phase the cell continues to grow rapidly and prepare itself  for mitosis. There are many cells in adult human beings which they won't divide. For example, the heart cells are divided occasionally only to replace dead and injured cells, and those cells will enter an inactive phase called the G0 stage of the cell cycle. It is also called the quiescent stage.

2. M Phase  

The phase where the actual cell division will occur is known as the M phase. The actual number of daughter cells and parent cells remains the same and it is also called equational division.

Karyokinesis is the nuclear division followed by cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm to give rise to two daughter cells.

  1. Mitosis 

Mitosis is an equational division, that is the number of chromosomes in a daughter cell is equal to the number of chromosomes in parent cells.

  1. Meiosis 

Meiosis is called reductional division as the number of chromosomes is halved in daughter chromosomes. Meiosis has 2 phases they are, 

  • Meiosis I

  • Meiosis II


Solved Examples from Chapter - Cell Cycle and Cell Division 

1. In an organism does the duration affect the cell cycle?

Ans: The external factors like temperature, food and oxygen and type of cell  affect the duration. The time period for G, S, G, and M-phase in different species under specific environmental conditions like 20 min for bacterial cells, 10 hours for intestinal epithelial cells, 20 hours for onion root tip cells, etc. This represents the time needed for each cell has been set priorly within each organism’s cell.


2. Do eukaryotic cells divide in mitosis?

Ans: Mitosis is a process where the number of cells increases but the chromosome number remains the same, so it is called equational division. In this type of cell division, the two daughter cells are produced by a single parent cell, which are similar to the parent cells genetically. So this type of division can be used in the multiplication or rapid proliferation of eukaryotic cells.


Solved Problems of Previous Year Question from Chapter

1. Anaphase promoting complex (APC) is a protein degradation machinery necessary for proper mitosis of animal cells. If APC is defective in a human cell, which of the following is expected to occur? 

a) Chromosomes will not condense 

b) Chromosomes will be fragmented 

c) Chromosomes will not segregate 

d) Recombination of chromosome arms will occur 

Ans: Chromosomes will not segregate 

The centromere splits and the chromatids move towards the poles in anaphase stage, this process is helped by APC. so defects in APC may fail to segregate the chromosomes. 


2. DNA replication in bacteria occurs 

a) During S-phase

b) Within nucleolus 

c) Prior to fission

d) Just before transcription 

Ans: Prior to fission

DNA replication is the formation of new DNA from parent DNA. DNA replication is prior to fission in bacteria. With the help of mesosomes, it occurs.


3. Which of the following options gives the correct sequences of events during mitosis? 

a) Condensation→ nuclear membrane disassembly →crossing over→ Segregation → telophase

b) Condensation → nuclear membrane disassembly → arrangement at equator → centromere division → Segregation → telophase 

c) Condensation → crossing over → nuclear membrane disassembly→ Segregation → telophase 

d) Condensation → arrangement at equator centromere division → Segregation → telophase 

Ans: Condensation → nuclear membrane disassembly → arrangement at equator → centromere division → Segregation → telophase 

Mitotic division is a division in which a single cell divides to form 2 daughter cells. According to the question, the division starts from a single cell.


In the first division single cell is divided into two and in the second division those 2 cells divide into 4, in the third division 4 cells divide into 8, in the fourth division 8 cells divide into 16, and in the fifth division, 16 cells divide into 32, in sixth division 32 cells divide into 64 and in seventh division 64 cells divide into 128. So 7 divisions are required to form 128 cells. Mitosis occurs in Condensation → nuclear membrane disassembly → arrangement at equator → centromere division → Segregation → telophase 


Practice Questions

1. The paired homologous chromosomes get shortened and thickened in which stage of cell division? 

Ans: The paired homologous chromosomes get shortened and thickened in the pachytene stage.

2. Which is not true for anaphase?

a) Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum are reformed

b) Chromosomes move to opposite poles

c) Spindle poles move farther apart

d) Centromeres split and chromatids separate

Ans: Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum are reformed.

The splitting of centromere, forming of two sister chromatids and their movements towards the opposite poles can be mainly indicated in the anaphase stage these movements of sister chromatids are brought up by the spindle fibres. The Golgi body and ER reappear in the cytokinesis stage but not in the anaphase stage.


Conclusion

This article includes all important information in the chapter ‘Cell Cycle and Cell Division’. You will learn about the significance of the cell cycle and cell division and phases of the cell cycle can be studied in this article as well. One can understand the function of cell division by thoroughly reading these notes. So this file is beneficial to students who are preparing for NEET 2022. Surely practice the question on your own to check your knowledge of this chapter.

See More
NEET 2024 Important Dates

NEET 2024 Important Dates

View All Dates
NEET 2024 exam date and revised schedule have been announced by the NTA. NEET 2024 will now be conducted on 5 May 2024, and the exam registration starts on 9 February 2024 and closes on 9 March 2024. You can check the complete schedule on our site. Furthermore, you can check NEET 2024 dates for application, admit card, exam, answer key, result, counselling, etc along with other relevant information.
See More
View All Dates
NEET Information

NEET Information

Application Form
Eligibility Criteria
Reservation Policy
Admit Card
NTA has announced the NEET 2024 application form release date on the official website https://neet.nta.nic.in/. The NEET 2024 Application Form is available on the official website for online registration from 9 February 2024 to 9 March 2024. Besides the NEET 2024 application form release date, learn about the application process, steps to fill out the form, how to submit it, the exam date sheet, etc online. Check our website for more details.
NEET 2024 applicants should be aware of the eligibility criteria before applying for the exam. NTA has released all the relevant information on the official website, i.e. https://neet.nta.nic.in/. NEET 2024 aspirants should have passed Class 12th or any other equivalent qualifying examination in 2023, or 2022, or students appearing in the Class 12th final exam in 2024 can also apply. For further details, visit our website.
As per the union government’s norms, NTA has released the NEET 2024 reservation criteria for different candidates’ categories (SC/ST/OBC/PwD), All India Quota, State Government Quota, Deemed Universities, and more. You can check more details on the Vedantu website.
NEET 2024 Admit Card will be released by the NTA in the 4th week of April 2024. Candidates can download the NEET admit card and hall ticket from the NEET official website i.e. https://neet.nta.nic.in/. For more details on the NEET admit card 2024, candidates can check Vedantu's official website.
NEET 2024 Study Material

NEET 2024 Study Material

View NEET Syllabus in Detail
Download full syllabus
Download full syllabus
View NEET Syllabus in Detail
NEET 2024 Study Material

NEET 2024 Study Material

View all study material for NEET
All
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
See All
NEET Question Papers

NEET Question Papers

NEET 2024 Book Solutions and PDF Download

NEET 2024 Book Solutions and PDF Download

View all NEET Important Books
Biology
NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology
Physics
NCERT Book for Class 12 Physics
Chemistry
NCERT Book for Class 12 Chemistry
Physics
H. C. Verma Solutions
See All
NEET 2024 Mock Tests

NEET 2024 Mock Tests

View all mock tests
NEET 2024 free online mock test series for exam preparation are available on the Vedantu website for free download. Practising these mock test papers of Physics, Chemistry and Biology prepared by expert teachers at Vedantu will help you to boost your confidence to face the NEET 2024 examination without any worries. The NEET test series for Physics, Chemistry and Biology that is based on the latest syllabus of NEET and also the Previous Year Question Papers.
See More
NEET 2024 Cut Off

NEET 2024 Cut Off

NEET Cut Off
NTA is responsible for the release of the NEET 2024 cut off score. The qualifying percentile score might remain the same for different categories. According to the latest trends, the expected cut-off mark for NEET 2024 is 50% for general category candidates, 45% for physically challenged candidates, and 40% for candidates from reserved categories. For the general category, NEET qualifying marks for 2024 ranged from 715-117 general category, while for OBC/SC/ST categories, they ranged from 116-93 for OBC, 116-93 for SC and 116-93 for ST category.
See More
NEET 2024 Results

NEET 2024 Results

The NEET 2024 result will be published by NTA on https://neet.nta.nic.in/ in the form of a scorecard on 14 June 2024. The scorecard will include the roll number, application number, candidate's personal details, and the percentile, marks, and rank of the candidate. Only those candidates who achieve the NEET cut-off will be considered qualified for the exam.
See More
Rank List
Counselling
Marks and Rank
NEET 2024 state rank lists will be released by the Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) for admissions to the 85% state quota and to all seats in private medical and dental colleges. NEET 2024 state rank lists are based on the marks obtained in medical entrance exams. Candidates can check the NEET 2024 state rank list on the official website or our site.
The Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) will conduct NEET 2024 counselling at www.mcc.nic.in. There will be two rounds of counselling for admission under 15% All India Quota (AIQ), deemed and central universities, AIIMS, JIPMER, ESIC, and AFMC. A mop-up round of NEET counselling will be conducted excluding 15% AIQ seats, while the dates of NEET counselling for 85% state quota seats will be announced by the respective state authorities.
As per the union government’s norms, NTA has released the NEET 2024 reservation criteria for different candidates’ categories (SC/ST/OBC/PwD), All India Quota, State Government Quota, Deemed Universities, and more. Previously, the Indian Government has provided NEET reservations to OBC (27%) and EWS (10%) candidates under All India Quota (AIQ). You can check more details on the Vedantu website.
NEET 2024 Top Colleges

NEET 2024 Top Colleges

View all NEET 2024 Top Colleges
Want to know which Engineering colleges in India accept the NEET 2024 scores for admission to Engineering? Find the list of Engineering colleges accepting NEET scores in India, compiled by Vedantu. 1990 Colleges are accepting NEET Score. It includes 706 Medical, 323 Dental, 914 AYUSH, and 47 BVSc & AH colleges. Also find more details on Fees, Ranking, Admission, and Placement.
See More
question-image

FAQs on NEET Important Chapter - Cell Cycle and Cell Division

FAQ

1. What are good questions to ask about cells?

What is the largest single cell and how big is it? How many different types of cells can be found inside the human body? Which living organism has the most cells? Do any cells have natural colour?

2. Can there be DNA replication without cell division?

Yes, DNA replication can take place without cell division. In order to prepare for cell division, DNA replication is necessary. Cell division is the succeeding logical step that occurs post cell division.

3. How is cell division related to the cell cycle?

A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes its division.