Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions for Chapter 15 - Population - The Increasing Number and Rising Problem

A . Multiple Choice Type

(select the most appropriate option in each case)

1. What was directly responsible for the rapid rise of the world population in the twentieth century?

(a) Increased food production

(b) better transport facilities

(c) Better education production

(d) Use of antibiotics and prophylactic vaccinations

Ans: (d) Use of antibiotics and prophylactic vaccinations.

2. Birth rate is the number of lives births

(a) Per 1000 people per year 

(b) per 100 people per decade

(c) Per 1000 people per decade 

(d) per 1000 people per year

Ans: (a) Per 1000 people per year 

B. Very Short Answer Type 

1. Give the technical terms for the statistical study of the human population of a region.

Ans: Statistical study of the human population is called Demography. This is especially with reference to size and density, distribution and other vital statistics such as population density, natality of birth rate, Motility or death rate and population growth etc.

2. Name two surgical techniques (one for the human male and another for the human

female) that can be used to prevent pregnancy.

Ans: (i) Tubectomy (for female) 

(ii) Vasectomy (for male)

C. Short Answer Type 

1. Mention whether of the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

(a) Vasectomy is the surgical method of sterilization in human males.

Ans: True

(b) Tubectomy is the placing of a diaphragm on the cervix.

Ans: False. In tubectomy, fallopian tubes are cut or ligated i.e. tied with nylon thread to close the passage of the egg.

(c) Cow was the first domesticated animal.

Ans: False. The dog was the first domesticated animal. 

(d) Rapidly growing industries favoured population rise.

Ans: True

(e) Present human population growth is following arithmetic progression.

Ans: False. Present human population growth is following geometrical progression.

(f) Birth rate (natality) is the number of live births per hundred people of population per decade.

Ans: False. Birth rate (natality) is the number of live births per 1000 people of population per year.

(g) Tubectomy is a popular surgical method of contraception in human males.

Ans: False. Vasectomy is a popular surgical method of contraception in human males.

2. Give two advantages of a small family.

Ans: Two advantages of a small family are:

(a) Parents can give more attention to their children.

(b) Small family helps every country in controlling the growth of population.

3. List three major landmarks in human history which contributed to the sudden rise in population of the world.

Ans: (i) Tool making revolution.

(ii) Agricultural revolution.

(iii) Scientific industrial revolution.

4. What is meant by family welfare centres? What is the symbol of family welfare in our country?

Ans: Family welfare centres are locations where anyone can get free aid or counselling on family planning. These locations could include hospitals, dispensaries, and other medical facilities. In India, the inverted red triangle represents family welfare.

5. Sterilisation in men means preventing the flow of sperms into the seminal vesicles by cutting or ligaturing the vas deferens. Can there be a corresponding operation made in women? If yes, where?

Ans: Yes, a similar operation might be performed on women. In females, the surgical treatment is known as a 'tubectomy.' Tubectomy involves opening the abdomen and cutting or ligating the fallopian tubes (oviducts) to prevent the egg from passing through.

6. What is the present rate of growth of the population of the world and of our own country?

Ans: The global population growth rate is 1.092 percent (resulting in around 145 net additions to the global population every minute or 2.4 every second, according to 2011 estimates), while India's rate is 1.344 percent.

7. What are the age restrictions for marriage by law for boys and girls in India?

Ans: The age restrictions for marriage by law are: 21 years for boys and 18 years for girls.

8. Mention two reasons for the rapid increase of population in India.

Ans: The two reasons for the rapid increase of population in India are as follows:

(a) Illiteracy: The vast majority of our society's rural inhabitants is still uneducated, ignorant, and superstitious. They also do not have little understanding of how the human reproductive system works.

(b) Customary Beliefs: Children are viewed as a gift from God and a symbol of success among those from lower social strata. As a result, they make no attempt to avoid becoming pregnant.

9. Explain briefly the relationship between poverty and population and how one affects the other.

Ans: Since the globe has changed due to significant revolutions, poverty and population have been inextricably intertwined. Poverty has its own consequences on the population, as well as the other way around. Poverty prevails in the economically disadvantaged strata due to ignorance and conventional beliefs. People in this strata consider children as a gift from God and a symbol of success due to illiteracy and archaic beliefs. They saw children as helping hands in boosting family income, thus they continue to produce more children, oblivious to the fact that their existing status would be detrimental to the children and would contribute to the already overburdened poverty strata. As a result, both the population and poverty continue to rise. As the population grows, the quality of life declines.

10. What was the approximate Indian population according to the 1991 census? What was it in 2011?

Ans: According to the 1991 census, the Indian population in 1981 was 846 million and it was 1210 million in 2011.

D. Descriptive Type

1. Define the following terms:

(a) Population

Ans: Population refers to the total number of people living in a given area.

(b) Population density

Ans: The number of people per square kilometer (km2) in a given area at any given moment.

(c) Demography

Ans: Demography is the statistical study of human population size and density, as well as distribution and other vital information.

(d) Resources

Ans: A resource is any natural or manmade substance, energy, or organism that humans use for their survival.

(e) Growth rate of population

Ans: This is the difference between the birth and death rates. The population grows as long as the birth rate exceeds the mortality rate.

2. Distinguish between the following pairs:

(a) Exhaustible and Inexhaustible resources

Ans: 

(b) Conventional and Non-conventional sources of energy

Ans: 

(c) Natality and Mortality

Ans: 

(d) Tubectomy and Vasectomy

Ans:

(e) Deforestation and Afforestation

Ans:

3. What do you mean by the 3 Rs in the context of sustainable development?

Ans: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle are the three Rs of sustainable development.

i. Reduce: We should consume less of the Earth's resources. Less paper and plastic carry bags are used.

ii. Reuse: Reuse refers to the practice of reusing existing things rather than discarding them, hence reducing the need for new goods. Plastic jars can be used to store salt, grains, and other items.

iii. Recycle: Recycling refers to the process of repurposing resources rather than tossing them away. Plastic, glass, paper, and metal that have been used or discarded are delivered to the appropriate businesses to be turned into other useful products such as lampshades and handbags.

4. Our resources cannot keep pace with the rising population. Give three examples in support of this statement.

Ans: (i) Food: Food is humans' (or any living organism's) first and most basic need. However, while food production rises in arithmetic progression and population rise in a geometric development, the number at each level multiplies. At the same time, as the population grows, more agricultural land is being used to build residences. As a result, it is clear that food will become scarce as the world's population continues to grow unchecked.

(ii) Water: As the population grows, the availability of clean, germ-free water for drinking purposes will become increasingly scarce; the primary cause will be contamination of rivers, ponds, and lakes.

(iii) Land: Man is cultivating an increasing amount of land while also devoting land to the construction of new residential colonies, factories, and industries. As a result, usable land would become increasingly scarce.

5. How can the knowledge of processes of reproduction help people in limiting the size of their families? Give two concrete examples.

Ans: (i)With education, the traditional notion of having at least one son, especially in Indian society, should be modified. People should be taught that their desire for a son can lead to a large number of children in the home, compromising their family's health and riches. They should concentrate on providing a good upbringing for the child, whether it is a son or a daughter.

(ii) Married couples should be taught to postpone the birth of their first kid, space the second with enough space for healthy upbringing, and avoid having a third child. They should also be taught how to use family planning strategies to avoid having more than two children. Condoms, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and oral tablets are examples of such devices, used for both men and women.

6. What is the idea behind the phrase "population explosion"?

Ans: For developing countries like India, population explosion is a plague that is jeopardizing the country's and society's progress. The developing world already has a scarcity of resources, and as the population grows, the resources available per person shrinks, even more, resulting in increased poverty, starvation, and other large-scale population-related issues. The exact definition of the population is "the total number of people or occupants in a country or region," and the literal definition of population explosion is "the pyramiding of biological population numbers." As the number of people in a pyramid grows, so do the challenges associated with that growth. Poverty, greater medical facilities, and immigration from neighbouring nations are all contributing factors to this population growth. India's population continues to rise at an alarming rate. The repercussions of this population growth can be seen in rising poverty, unemployment, air and water pollution, and food, health, and educational resource shortages.

E. Structured/ Application/ Skill Type

1. Given below are hypothetical figures in regard to population (in crores) of two countries A and B during the last three decades.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Rate of growth of population of country .................. has declined between years ................ and ................

(b) The country ................... shows negative population growth between years ................... and ...................

(c) The country .................... shows zero population growth between years ................. and ....................

Ans: (a) B; 1981; 1991.

(b) B; 1981; 1991.

(c) B; 1971; 1981.

2. Observe the diagrams (A) and (B) given below and answer the following questions.

(a) Label the parts 1 to 5.

Ans: Part 1- Sperm duct/Vas deferens

Part 2- Testis/Seminiferous tubule

Part 3- Oviduct/Fallopian tube

Part 4- Uterus

Part 5- Ovary

(b) What does figure A depict?

Ans: Vasectomy 

(c) What does figure B depict?

Ans: Tubectomy

(d) Comment on P and Q.

Ans: The cut part of the vas deferens is P, while the cut part of the oviduct is Q. As part of the tubectomy and vasectomy contraceptive procedures, a tiny bit of the oviduct in females and the vas deferens in males is severed and the remaining pieces are ligated.

(e) Mention one function for each of parts 2 and 4.

Ans: Part 2 (testes): Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells or sperms are produced and testes are responsible for spermatogenesis. 

Part 4 (uterus): This organ feeds and houses a fertilized egg until the fetus, or progeny, is ready to be born.

Contents of Biology book chapter 15 for the ICSE Board, Concise Selina

Chapter 15 of the class 10 biology book (Selina concise) for the ICSE board discusses many topics related to the Population. It discusses the problems posed by the increase in population in India, and also, the need for adopting control measures for the population.

The passage starts with a short passage on the human population and then discusses the global threat of the rising population in brief. An interesting topic of the world population through the ages is also discussed in the chapter. Chapter 15 also gives the reason why the population started rising. Important topics like population explosion, model of population growth, the population in India, and the pressure that the rising population puts on the Natural resources have also been discussed in the ICSE board class 10 Biology Chapter 15 Population- the increasing number and rising problem Selina Concise.

Exercise Questions for the ICSE Board Class 10 Biology Chapter 15 Population- The Increasing Number and Rising Problem Selina Concise

The exercise of the 15th chapter is divided into 5 parts, which are A, B, C, D, and E.

“A” is a multiple-choice question.

“B” is a very short answer type question.

“C” requires a short answer.

“D” requires long answers.

“E” fills in the blanks.