Concise Biology Class 10 ICSE Solutions for Chapter 1 - Cell - The Structural and Functional Unit of Cell

A. Very Short Answer Questions

1. Identify the cellular structures with the help of the following clues.

(a) It synthesizes respiratory enzymes.

Ans: Mitochondria helps in synthesizing the respiratory enzymes. 

(b) It is made up of lipoprotein.

Ans: Cell membrane and the plasma membrane is made up of lipoprotein. 

(c) A non-living rigid layer surrounding the plasma membrane.

Ans: Cell wall is the layer that surrounds the plasma membrane. 

(d) Supportive framework for the cell.

Ans: Endoplasmic reticulum helps in providing the framework for the cell. 

(e) It consists of cisternae, vesicles and vacuoles.

Ans: Cisternae, vesicles and vacuoles are present in the golgi apparatus. 

(f) It destroys foreign substances.

Ans: Foreign substances are destroyed by the lysosomes. 

(g) It gives turgidity to the plant cells.

Ans: Plant cells get turgidity with the help of plant cells. 

(h) It is made up of DNA threads.

Ans: DNA threads are present in chromatin fibers. 

(i) It contains chromatin fibers.

Ans: Nucleus has chromatin fibers. 

(j) It initiates and regulates cell division.

Ans: Cell division is initiated and regulated by centrosomes. 

2. Give two examples of each:

(a) Unicellular animals

Ans: (a) Unicellular animals - Amoeba, Paramoecium

(b) Unicellular plants

Ans: (b) Unicellular plants - Chlamydomonas, Diatoms

(c) Cell organelles

Ans: (c) Cell organelles - Mitochondria, Nucleus

(d) Cell inclusions

Ans: (d) Cell inclusions - Vacuoles, Granules

(e) Stains that make the nucleus distinct

Ans: (e) Stains which make the nucleus distinct - Iodine, Eosin

3. Name the following:

(a) A plastid without pigment.

Ans: The leucoplast does not contain pigments. 

(b) A pigment that is not found in plastids.

Ans: Anthocyanin is not present in plastids. 

(c) The orange-red pigment found in the chromoplast.

Ans: It is carotene. 

(d) Scattered Golgi complex, found in plant cells.

Ans: They are known as dictyosomes. 

(e) Amoeboid blood cells of the human body.

Ans: White blood cells are known as the amoeboid blood cells of the human body. 

(f) The smallest cell of the human body.

Ans: Red blood cells are the smallest cells. 

(g) Bean-shaped cells of stomata.

Ans: They are known as guard cells. 

(h) The part of cytoplasm which is devoid of the organelles.

Ans: Cytosol is the name of that part of the cytoplasm that does not have organelles. 

(i) The folds/finger-like projections from the inner wall of the mitochondria.

Ans: They are known as cristae. 

(j) The tubules of the Golgi complex.

Ans: Cisternae are the tubules of the Golgi complex. 

B. Descriptive type

1. Define the following terms:

(a) Cell: Cell is the structural and functional unit of life that is capable of independent existence. It performs all the basic functions of the cells. 

(b) Organelles: Organelles are specialized structures. They are membrane-bound living structures in a cell concerned with definite functions.

(c) Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is the part of the cell which is present inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus.

(d) Protoplasm: The living parts of the cell which consist of cytoplasm, nucleus and other living bodies collectively constitute protoplasm or protoplast.

(e) Nucleus: Nucleus is a large spherical body lying nearly in the center of the cytoplasm.

2. Distinguish between the following pairs:

(a) Plant cell and animal cell 

Ans: 

(a) Differences between plant cell and animal cell:

(b) Cell wall and cell membrane

(b) Differences between cell wall and cell membrane:

(c) Centrosome and chromosome

(c) Differences between centrosome and chromosome:

(d) Chloroplast and chromoplast

(d) Differences between chloroplast and chromoplast:

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Topics Covered in Biology Chapter 1

Let us have a quick look at all the topics that are included in the chapter:

1. What is a cell?

2. The invention of the microscope and the discovery of cell

3. Cell theory

4. Cells: How numerous?

5. Cells – How small?

6. The smallness of cells: A greater efficiency

7. Cell shapes – To suit the functional requirement

8. Cell membrane and cell wall

9. Cytoplasm

10. The Plant and animal cells

11. Protoplasm

12. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

13. Every activity of a living organism is the outcome of cellular activity

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