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CBSE

Class 11

Maths NCERT Book

Chapter 3:

Ncert Books Class 11 Maths Chapter 3 Free Download

Q: 4. What is a common mistake students make when finding the general solution of a trigonometric equation?

A very common mistake is providing only the principal solution instead of the general solution. For example, if sin x = 1/2, many students write x = π/6 as the only answer. However, the question asks for the general solution, which accounts for all possible values. The correct approach is to use the formula x = nπ + (-1)ⁿα, where α is the principal solution. Forgetting to include the 'nπ' or '2nπ' term can lead to a significant loss of marks in a 3 or 4-mark question.

Q: 5. How does understanding the signs of trigonometric functions in different quadrants help in exams?

Mastering the signs of trigonometric functions (using the 'All Sin Tan Cos' rule for quadrants I, II, III, and IV) is fundamental for almost every important question in this chapter. It is essential for:Evaluating expressions like cos(-1710°).Determining the correct quadrant for solutions to trigonometric equations.Simplifying expressions involving allied angles (e.g., sin(180° - x)).An error in the sign can completely change the final answer, especially in multi-step problems.

Ncert Books Class 11 Maths Chapter 3 Free Download

Ready to tackle the secrets of trigonometry? In Ncert Books Class 11 Maths Chapter 3 Free Download, you'll dive into the world of angles, triangles, and those tricky sine and cosine rules. This chapter helps you understand how trigonometric functions really work, making future Math chapters a whole lot easier to master.

With simple explanations and lots of practice, you don’t have to worry about getting lost. The NCERT Class 11 Maths book explains each concept step by step, helping you solve problems with confidence. If you're aiming for great scores in school exams or just want strong basics for JEE, Vedantu’s free downloadable PDF can make your prep journey smoother.

It’s also handy to have the full Class 11 Maths Important Questions nearby, so you can practice more types of sums and get ready for your test day!

Class 11 Mathematics - How To Use NCERT Books To Help Score Good Grades ?

Syllabus In Mathematics For Class 11

The board has issued the CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Math for the academic year 2025-26. The Math Syllabus for Class 11 is divided into two periods, each with five units. The exams will likewise be divided into two halves. When it comes to the phrase wise, The CBSE Class 11 Math Syllabus is an important resource for students who are studying for their exams. It contains information on the course structure, exam pattern, and weighting of marks for the Mathematics topic in the Term 1 and Term 2 exams. Students should review the syllabus before preparation for the Class 11 Math test so that they are aware of what they will be studying during the academic year 2025-26. Math will serve as a checklist for students, according to the CBSE Syllabus for Class 11. They can swiftly assess the topics they've covered and those they still need to finish.

Students can simply build a study plan for themselves after learning the CBSE Syllabus. As a result, they can devise an exam strategy and efficiently prepare for the Math Class 11 exams in Term 1 and Term 2.

Math develops pupils' analytical and problem-solving abilities. It is a subject that pupils are graded on. Students can even get full marks if they use the appropriate strategy and approach. From the pdf link provided above, they can download the CBSE Class 11 Math Syllabus for the examinations 2025-26, as well as the marks distribution.

The CBSE Math syllabus for class 11 is broken into five components. The units, number of sessions, and marks allotted for term 1 are listed in the table below. Term 1's Math theory paper is worth 40 points, while the internal evaluation is worth 10 points.

No.	Units	Marks
I	Sets and Functions	11
II.	Algebra	13
III.	Coordinate Geometry	06
IV.	Calculus	04
V.	Statistics and Probability	06
	Total Theory	40
	Internal Assessment	10

Unit-I: Sets and Functions

1. Sets

Periods Sets and their representations. Empty set. Finite and Infinite sets. Equal sets. Subsets. Subsets of a set of real numbers, especially intervals (with notations). Power set. Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets.

2. Relations & Functions

Ordered pairs. Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the Cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the set of reals with itself ( R x R only).Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special type of relation. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer functions, with their graphs.

Unit-II: Algebra

3. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Need for complex numbers, especially√−1, to be motivated by inability to solve some of the quadratic equations. Algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations (with real coefficients) in the complex number system.

4. Sequence and Series

Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Progression (A. P.). Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of n terms of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.), relation between A.M. and G.M.

Unit-III: Coordinate Geometry

5. Straight Lines

Brief recall of two dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point -slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form and normal form. General equation of a line. Distance of a point from a line.

Unit-IV: Calculus

6. Limits

Intuitive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials and rational functions trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.

Unit-V: Statistics and Probability

7. Statistics

Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data.

CBSE Class 11 Math Syllabus Term 2 for 2025-26

CBSE Syllabus for class 11 Math is divided into 5 units. The table below shows the units, no. of periods and marks allocated for term 2. The Math theory paper of term 2 is of 40 marks and internal assessment is of 10 marks.

No.	Units	Marks
I	Sets and Functions (Cont.)	08
II.	Algebra (Cont.)	11

III.	Coordinate Geometry (Cont.)	09
IV.	Calculus (Cont.)	06
V.	Statistics and Probability (Cont.)	06
	Total Theory	40
	Internal Assessment	10

Unit-I: Sets and Functions

1. Trigonometric Functions

Periods Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of the identity sin2 x + cos2 x = 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions. Domain and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs. Expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sin x, sin y, cos x & cos y and their simple applications.

Unit-II: Algebra

1. Linear Inequalities

Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables. Graphical method of finding a solution of a system of linear inequalities in two variables.

2. Permutations and Combinations

Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!) Permutations and combinations, formula for nPr and nCr, simple applications.

Unit-III: Coordinate Geometry

1. Conic Sections

Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard equation of a circle.

2. Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry

Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points and section formula.

Unit-IV: Calculus

1. Derivatives

Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically. Definition of derivative relates it to scope of tangent of the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric functions.

Unit-V: Statistics and Probability

1. Probability

Random experiments; outcomes, sample spaces (set representation). Events; occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Probability of an event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events.

The Best Tips To Study And Score High Marks In Mathematics For Class 11

Exams administered by schools serve as a stepping stone in our professional careers. In a few days, the class 11th examination will begin, and pupils are unsure how to begin preparing for the exam and achieve high results. We have some helpful hints for getting good grades in Class 11 Math exams that might help you boost your performance and grades. Students will be able to prepare well and achieve good grades with the help of these ideas. The full article can be seen here.

Never attempt to learn any shortcuts to directly address problems. You will forget about them. You will uncover the shortcuts as you practice diligently. Shortcuts learned in this manner are more likely to be remembered.
Not only memorize the formulas, but also comprehend the concepts underlying them and practice deriving them.
Solve as many distinct types of CBSE Class 11 Math questions as you can.
Make a list of the questions that you find challenging and go over them repeatedly. Do not get too worked up. If you are afraid of these types of questions, practice them until you are comfortable with them.
Even if you think you have grasped a chapter, concept, or topic, go over it repeatedly. You might forget about them if you do not.
Practice answering questions in a timed environment.
Ask your teachers or friends for help if you have any doubts. It is also beneficial to talk about a doubt.
Do not begin using Reference Books right away. NCERT is more than enough, but you must read it from beginning to end. However, if you do not understand a specific type of difficulty or if you are having trouble grasping a subject, consult a reference book.

Ncert Books for Mathematics Class 11 Chapter 2 Relations and Functions

Exam preparation for Class 11 exam examinations, JEE (Main and Advanced), and other exams should include going over the NCERT books. This will clear up any doubts you may have and improve your application skills. We will be providing NCERT Books Free Download for Class 11 Math Chapter 2 - Relations and Functions in this article.

Functions and Relationships Chapter 2 starts in Class 11 with a review of general notation for relations and functions. In class 11, students studied about domain, codomain, and range, as well as the several types of specialized real-valued functions and their graphs. Students will learn about several forms of relations and functions, as well as the construction of functions, in detail in class 11 Math Chapter 2.

You can use the 11th Class NCERT books found in the NCERT e-Book to ace your exam preparation. Illustrative questions and books will be included in the NCERT Books for Class 11 Math Relations and Functions. Because all of the ideas in NCERT 11th Class Math Textbooks for Ch 1 Relations and Functions are written in a comprehensive manner, students may easily comprehend them.

The NCERT Textbooks for Class 11th Math Chapter 2 Relations and Functions are available for free and may be accessed using the quick links provided.

NCERT Books Free Download for Class 11 Math Chapter 2 - Relations and Functions: Key Features

Students can easily practise, learn and review subjects with these books.
It helps you save time by presenting all of the relevant concepts and formulae in a logical order.
These CBSE books include helpful hints for correctly solving frequent questions.
These options are particularly useful for short revisions during exams.

Conclusion

NCERT books for Class 11 Math Chapter 2 Relations and Functions include answers to all of the questions in the chapter, which is part of the CBSE syllabus for the year 2025-26. All the exercise questions are answered in a step-by-step manner. Solving questions from the NCERT textbook for Class 11 Math aids in understanding the topics. Students can use these NCERT books for Class 11 Math to improve their math skills by downloading and reading them.

Students should grasp not only the fundamentals of this chapter, but also the more complex sections in order to master Relations and Functions. Practicing these NCERT books for Class 11 Math will assist students in preparing for their first exam in such a way that they will find even the toughest questions in this chapter to be extremely simple. From the links provided in the article, you can get the NCERT books PDF for this chapter.

FAQs on Ncert Books Class 11 Maths Chapter 3 Free Download

1. What are the most frequently asked types of questions from Chapter 3, Trigonometric Functions, in the CBSE Class 11 exams for the 2025-26 session?

For the Class 11 exams, questions from Trigonometric Functions are typically distributed across different formats. You can expect:

Short Answer Questions (2-3 marks): These often involve proving simple trigonometric identities, finding the value of trigonometric functions for specific angles (e.g., sin 765°), or converting between radian and degree measures.
Long Answer Questions (4-5 marks): These usually focus on proving more complex identities, finding the general solution of trigonometric equations, or problems involving sum and difference formulas like cos(x+y) or tan(x-y).
MCQs (1 mark): These can test your knowledge of the domain and range of trigonometric functions, their signs in different quadrants, or basic formula recall.

2. Which trigonometric identities are considered most important to master for scoring well in this chapter?

While all identities in the NCERT syllabus are important, students should pay special attention to a few key groups that are frequently tested. These include the sum and difference formulas (e.g., sin(A ± B), cos(A ± B)), the double-angle formulas (sin 2x, cos 2x, tan 2x), and the formulas for converting products to sums/differences. Questions often require you to apply these directly to prove other identities or solve equations.

3. From an exam perspective, what is the importance of proving trigonometric identities?

Proving trigonometric identities is a critical skill tested in exams. These questions are not just about memorising formulas but about applying them logically. They are often categorised as Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions. Mastering them demonstrates a deep understanding of the relationships between different trigonometric functions. A typical 4 or 5-mark question will require you to start with one side of the equation (LHS or RHS) and use a sequence of standard identities to arrive at the other side.

4. What is a common mistake students make when finding the general solution of a trigonometric equation?

A very common mistake is providing only the principal solution instead of the general solution. For example, if sin x = 1/2, many students write x = π/6 as the only answer. However, the question asks for the general solution, which accounts for all possible values. The correct approach is to use the formula x = nπ + (-1)ⁿα, where α is the principal solution. Forgetting to include the 'nπ' or '2nπ' term can lead to a significant loss of marks in a 3 or 4-mark question.

5. How does understanding the signs of trigonometric functions in different quadrants help in exams?

Mastering the signs of trigonometric functions (using the 'All Sin Tan Cos' rule for quadrants I, II, III, and IV) is fundamental for almost every important question in this chapter. It is essential for:

Evaluating expressions like cos(-1710°).
Determining the correct quadrant for solutions to trigonometric equations.
Simplifying expressions involving allied angles (e.g., sin(180° - x)).

An error in the sign can completely change the final answer, especially in multi-step problems.

6. How are questions on the sum and difference formulas applied to non-standard angles?

A classic exam question involves finding the value of a trigonometric function for a non-standard angle by breaking it down into a sum or difference of standard angles (like 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°). For example, an important question could be to find the value of tan(15°). This can be solved by writing it as tan(45° - 30°) and then applying the tan(A - B) formula. This tests the application of identities, not just rote learning.

7. What is the expected weightage for Class 11 Maths Chapter 3 in the final examination?

Trigonometry as a whole unit, which includes Chapter 3, carries a significant weightage in the Class 11 final exam as per the CBSE curriculum. While the exact marks for this single chapter can vary, students can expect it to contribute substantially to the Algebra and Functions portion of the paper. You should prepare for a mix of question types, from 1-mark MCQs to 5-mark long-answer proofs, making it a high-scoring and important chapter.