Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Social Science - Social and Political Life Chapter 8 - Confronting Marginalisation

Very Short Answer Questions                                                                      1 Mark

1. Fill in the blanks-

(i) The Schedule cast and Scheduled Tribes act was incorporated in ______.

Ans: 1989

(ii) ______ are mainly involved in manual scavenging.

Ans: Dalits

(iii) Article ____ of the Indian constitution states that the untouchability has been abolished.

Ans: 17

(iv) The term Dalit means ____.

Ans: Broken

2. State True and False

(i) Dalit communities are mainly employed in manual Scavenging.

Ans: True

(ii) The constitution makes the principles that make our society.

Ans: True

(iii) Fundamental rights are the most important part of the constitution.

Ans: True

(iv) Article 17 of the Indian constitution states that untouchability has been abolished.

 Ans: True

3. Match the following:

Ans:

4. Choose the correct option

Article 15 guarantees protection against ____

(a) Discrimination on birth, place, gender, religion, caste, creed, color

(b) Discrimination against property

(c) Discrimination in jobs

(d) None of the above

Ans:(a) Discrimination on birth, place, gender, religion, caste, creed, color is protected by Article 15.

5. Define the Following

(i) Scheduled areas

Ans: In India, where the majority of the tribal population is under a special governance  mechanism, the central government plays a direct role in the protection of cultural and  economic interests.

(ii) Social justice 

Ans: Social justice stands for equality of rights and opportunities for all.

Short Answer Questions                                                                        2 Marks

6. List any two fundamental rights that Dalits can use to be treated equally.

Ans: Two fundamental rights are the Right to Equality and the Right to life and liberty.

7. What is the use of the constitution in making of the society?

Ans: The constitution makes our polity and society democratic by laying down the principles.

8. What did the marginal groups rely on to protect themselves from continued exploitation by other groups? 

Ans: Marginal groups have relied upon the Constitution of India and the judicial system to protect them from continued exploitation by other groups.

9. What does article 15 explain?

Ans: Article 15 of the Constitution notes that no citizen of India shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth

10. What does article 17 explain?

Ans: Article 17 of the Constitution states that untouchability has been abolished – what this means is that no one can henceforth prevent Dalits from educating themselves, entering temples, using public facilities, etc.

Short Answer Question                                                                         3 Marks

11. What are the ways in which marginalized communities tried to overcome the discriminations they faced?

Ans: Marginalized communities have tried many ways to cope with the discrimination they have experienced. They are:

Religious consolation

Armed struggle

Self-improvement

Education

Economic advancement.

12. Who can increase and decrease the Scheduled areas? 

Ans: The scheduled regions can only be restructured by India's President. The President has the authority to change the limits of the designated zones. The president can issue new directives for the scheduled regions after consulting with the governor of the state.

13. Discuss the laws given to the marginalized.

Ans: There are several laws given to the marginalized. These laws have been made at different times by different governments. Some of the policies and laws are derived by setting up communities and by undertaking surveys.

14. How does the government promote social justice?

Ans: By implementing several rights for the marginalized and minorities the government tries to bring these people into an equal society. The government makes and implements the laws that are prescribed by the constitution. By setting up communities from the marginalized communities government ensures their safety.

15. What are some important fundamental rights?

Ans: Some important fundamental rights are given below-

• Right to equality (Articles 14–18)

• Right to freedom (Articles 19–22)

• Right against exploitation (Articles 23–24)

• Right to freedom of religion (Articles 25–28)

• Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29–30)

• Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)

Long Answer Questions                                                                          5 Marks

16. What are Adivasis demand and the 1989 act?

Ans: The 1989 Act is important for another reason – Adivasi activists refer to it to defend their right to occupy land that was traditionally theirs. Adivasis are often unwilling to move from their land and are forcibly displaced. Activists have asked that those who have forcibly encroached upon tribal lands should be punished under this law. They have also pointed to the fact that this Act merely confirms what has already been promised to tribal people in the Constitution that land belonging to tribal people cannot be sold to or bought by non-tribal people. In cases where this has happened, the Constitution guarantees the right of tribal people to repossess their land.

17. Why did the state not extend its machinery in tribal areas? 

Ans: Socially and economically, tribal regions lag behind. They are believed to be state aboriginals. They are regarded as the land's initial inhabitants. The administration is attempting to improve the social and economic situation of the people. Several countries have taken varied approaches to this. As a result, all of the machinery that operates in the rest of the state and in other locations is not extended to tribal regions. It's just for the sake of safeguarding their rights, habitat, and customs.

18. Why did the activist C.K Janu believed that he can use the 1989 amendments to fight against dispossession?

Ans: C.K. Janu, an Adivasi activist, has also pointed out that one of the violators of Constitutional rights guaranteed to tribal people are governments in the various states of India – for it is they who allow non-tribal encroachers in the form of timber merchants, paper mills, etc, to exploit tribal land, and to forcibly evict tribal people from their traditional forests in the process of declaring forests as reserved or as sanctuaries. She has also noted that in cases where tribals have already been evicted and cannot go back to their lands, they must be compensated. That is, the government must draw up plans and policies for them to live and work elsewhere. After all, governments spend large sums of money on building industrial or other projects on lands taken from tribals.

19. In a society dominated by upper caste people, should any Dalit worry about the job if he’s well educated? Give your view? 

Ans: The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989, seeks to punish those who humiliate or abuse members of Dalit or tribal groups. Rathnam requested the endorsement of the law, filing his complaint under the above law to obtain protection against the domination and violence of powerful castes in his village.

20. Explain the below fundamental rights- Right to Equality, Right to freedom.

Ans: 

1. Right to Equality: All persons are equal before the law. No citizen can be discriminated against on the basis of his or her socioeconomic background, caste, religion, etc. Every person has an equal right to access all public places.

2. Right to Freedom: This includes the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to move freely, the right to form associations, the right to reside in any part of the country, and the right to practice any kind of profession, occupation, or business.

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