Question

What is embryo culture?

Answer 1

Hint: Embryo culture is an important technique that has been used to produce new progeny. It can take place both in plants as well as in humans. It helps in getting better offsprings.

COMPLETE ANSWER-
The embryo of different developmental stages, formed within the female gametophyte through sexual process, can be isolated from maternal tissues of ovule, seed or capsule and then later is cultured in vitro and physical conditions in glass that contains nutrient solid or liquid medium to grow the plant into a sapling.
EMBRYO CULTURE IN PLANTS- Seeds that contain hard seed coats are generally surface sterilized and then soaked in sterile wa­ter for some days. This is done so to cut the seed easily from the embryo. Although seeds are surface sterilized before soaking. Splitting open the seeds and transferring embryos to the nutrient medium di­rectly. Small embryo then is intacted from the ovule without any injury to it. This can be best achieved by carrying out the operation under a specially designed dissect­ing microscope.
Though the entire ovule con­taining undifferentiated embryos is cultured, it is referred to as embryo culture.
EMBRYO CULTURE IN HUMANS- The best culture that has been adapted today is Assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Several methods have been taken to achieve this progeny of humans to grow. Main goal of ART is to improve the quality of embryos developing in the laboratory and the chances of successful delivery of a child.
In vitro fertilization is one of it technique in which fertilization takes place outside the body and almost similar condition is given as that of the body, followed by embryo transfer. Most common method is test tube baby where ova from the wife/ donor and sperm from male/ donor is takes and induced to form zygote under laboratory conditions. Zygote could be transferred into a fallopian tube called a zygote- intra fallopian tube and embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred directly into the uterus, called intrauterine transfers.
In vivo fertilization is done in which fusion cannot take place in females and one who cannot conceive so. Gamete intra fallopian transfer where gamete is directly transferred to the fallopian tube, intra cytoplasmic sperm injection where sperm is directly injected into the ovum or artificial insemination in which semen collected either from male or donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or the uterus (inter- uterine insemination).

Note:
Embryo culture in plants takes place for producing progeny with better adaptability and resistant plants whereas in humans it takes place in ones who cannot produce sterile offspring or fusion cannot take place in the body. Several methods are taken both in plants and animals to achieve this.