Question

________is called the father of genetics.
A) Mendel
B) Hook
C) Virchow
D) Strasburger

Answer 1

Hint: He was a scientist who discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance by working on pea plants.

Complete Answer:
- Gregor Johann Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics. He was born in 1822 in Heinzendorf. He began his genetic experiments on pea plants in 1856 and concluded by 1863. He started working with seven characteristics of pea plants – plant height, seed shape and color, flower position and color, and pod shape and color.

- On the basis of the result of his work, observation was divided into three fundamental laws of inheritance. His three laws are the law of dominance, the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
1) Law of Dominance (dominant-recessive relationship): within the allelic pair (two) – one allele being dominant suppresses the effect of another of the pair called recessive.
2) Law of Segregation (purity of gametes): this shows that the recessive characters were not expressed in F1 hybrid but it is expressed phenotypically in F2. Segregation of dominant to recessive factors occurred in 3:1 ratio.
3) Law of Independent Assortment: It states that when two pairs of alleles are considered, the results for each pair do not change. That means the association of another set of characters has no effect on any one of the pairs.

Hence option ‘A’ is the correct answer.

Note: Gregor Johann Mendel called as the father of modern genetics. He was successful in his experiment by selecting the right plant for his experiment. However his work did not receive any recognition during his life period. His work was rediscovered by three famous scientists- Hugo de Vries , Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak.