Question

Who introduced Subsidiary alliance?
A. Lord Dalhousie
B. Lord Cornwallis
C. Lord Wellesley
D. Lord Hectare Munroe

Answer 1

Hint: In South Asian culture, a subsidiary alliance represents a tax alliance between a native state and either French India or, later on the British East India Company.
French Governor Joseph François Dupleix was the pioneer of the subsidiary alliance scheme, who concluded alliances with the Nizam of Hyderabad and Carnatic in the late 1740s.
The covenant was imposed upon rulers so that the British could annex their territories.

Complete answer:
Lord Wellesley implemented the doctrine of subsidiary partnership. Indian kings were not empowered to have their own separate military services, according to the terms of the coalition. For the sake of this defense, they were to be covered by the corporation, but had to pay for the 'subsidiary powers' that the company was meant to retain. Whether the payment was not made by the Indian kings, half of their land was stripped away as a punishment. Without the prior consent of the British, the Indian king did not employ any European in his service. Even without contacting the Governor-General, they did not bargain with any other Indian rulers. Subsequently, the technique was followed by the East India Company, with Robert Clive imposing a series of conditions on Mir Jafar of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and subsequently those in the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765, as a consequence of the victory of the Company in the Battle of Buxar in 1764. Richard Wellesley, Clive's successor, originally pursued a non-interventionist stance against the Native States, but later adopted and perfected the policy of creating subsidiary alliances.

Hence, the correct answer is (Option C).

Note: In 1801, Awadh's Nawab (ruler) was compelled to give the company over half of his land, the explanation given by the British officer was Maladministration. On equal grounds, Hyderabad was also forced to cede land.
The influence of the Maratha Empire had declined by the late 18th century and the Indian Subcontinent was left with a vast number of states, most tiny and weak.
The offer of protection by Wellesley was welcomed by many kings, as it gave them protection against attack by their neighbors.